技术赋能与决策权力的重新分配——兼论技术民主范式的可能性  

Technology Empowerment and the Redistribution of Decision-Making Power--On the Possibility of Technical Democracy Paradigm

作　　者：张樯 ZHANG Qiang(School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期75-81,共7页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“公共行政的社会理论研究”(21JHQ070)。

摘　　要：在现代社会中,技术作为一个关键变量对社会治理产生了深远影响,并挑战民主政治的一些传统观念。就决策权力的分配而言,一方面,社会治理复杂性的增加对决策的专业化水平提出越来越高的要求,使得决策权力从政治代表向技术专家转移,形成技术专家对于决策过程垄断的局面。另一方面,技术扩散在一定程度上赋予民众质疑专家决策的能力,尤其是互联网技术的出现,使得网络中的评价结果成为民众决策的重要依据。当专家决策的合法性被动摇后,技术赋能民众将导致政治决策朝着民粹主义方向发展。结果是,“技术专家—普通民众”在政策领域的互相排斥成为当代政治的一个重要特征,从而使技术民主的范式建构在现实中面临一系列挑战。要克服当代民主的局限性,就需要改变“技术专家—普通民众”在决策权分配上的零和博弈局面,想象并建构一种以认知分工为基础的技术民主。In modern society,technology as a key variable has had a profound impact on social governance and has challenged some traditional notions of democratic politics.As far as the distribution of decision-making power is concerned,the increased complexity of social governance has placed increasing demands on the level of specialization in decision-making,which has led to a shift in decision-making power from political representatives to technical experts,creating a monopoly of technical experts over the decision-making process.On the other hand,the proliferation of technology has,to a certain extent,empowered the public to question the decisions of experts.Especially,the emergence of Internet technology has made the evaluation results in the network an important basis for people's decision-making.When the legitimacy of expert decision-making is shaken,technology empowering the public will lead political decision-making in the direction of populism.As a result,the mutual exclusion of"technologists and the common people"in the policy sphere became an important feature of contemporary politics,which makes the paradigm of technological democracy face a series of challenges in reality.To overcome the limitations of contemporary democracy,it is necessary to change the zero-sum game of"technologists-common people"in the distribution of decision-making power and to imagine and construct a technological democracy based on the cognitive division of labor.

关 键 词：技术赋能 技术民主 决策权力 认知分工 

分 类 号：C916.1[经济管理]