拒烟自我效能、吸烟合理化信念与戒烟意愿的关联——基于上海336名男性吸烟者调查问卷的分析  

Relationship between smoking abstinence self-efficacy,smoking rationalization belief and willingness to quit smoking—a questionnaire survey of 336 male smokers in Shanghai

作　　者：张玲云 程卓 毛一蒙 郑频频[1] ZHANG Lingyun;CHENG Zhuo;MAO Yimeng;ZHENG Pinpin(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2023年第2期142-147,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173635)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的因素,为开展有针对性的戒烟干预提供参考。【方法】采用目的抽样方法从上海市4个居民社区和3家公司中招募吸烟者进行线上问卷调查,问卷调查内容包括一般人口学特征、戒烟意愿、吸烟状态、吸烟成瘾性、烟草危害认知、拒烟自我效能、吸烟合理化信念等信息。采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验以及多因素logistic回归分析进行统计学分析。【结果】共回收有效问卷336份。吸烟者的年龄为(37.1±10.2)岁,58.3%的文化水平为大专、本科及以上,平均每日吸烟量为(11.46±7.22)支,吸烟者中属于轻度尼古丁依赖者较多(58.3%),计划在未来6个月内戒烟者248名(73.8%)。与低拒烟自我效能者相比,高拒烟自我效能的吸烟者具有戒烟意愿的可能性更大(OR=2.406,95%CI:1.357~4.267);低吸烟合理化信念的吸烟者较高吸烟合理化信念者更有可能具有戒烟意愿(OR=2.112,95%CI:1.167~3.821)。【结论】吸烟者拒烟自我效能和吸烟合理化信念可对其戒烟意愿分别产生积极和消极的影响,开展控烟工作时可以关注吸烟者拒烟自我效能的提升和吸烟合理化信念的纠正,从而提高吸烟者的戒烟意愿。[Objective]To explore the influencing factors of willingness to quit smoking in smokers,and to provide reference for further smoking cessation intervention.[Methods]Through purposive sampling,smokers were recruited from 4 residential communities and 3 companies in Shanghai for an online questionnaire survey.The survey included general demographic characteristics,willingness to quit smoking,smoking condition,tobacco addiction,awareness of influence of smoking,smoking abstinence self-efficacy,and smoking rationalization belief.T-test,χ^(2) test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data.[Results]A total of 336 valid questionnaires were collected.The average age of the smokers was(37.1±10.2)years,and most of their education level was college or above(58.3%).The daily number of cigarette use was(11.46±7.22)and most of smokers were classified as low nicotine dependence(58.3%).Today 248 smokers planned to quit smoking in the next six months.Compared with smokers with low smoking abstinence self-efficacy,smokers with high selfefficacy were more likely to quit smoking(OR=2.406,95%CI:1.357-4.267);Smokers with low smoking rationalization belief were more likely to quit smoking than those with high rationalization belief(OR=2.112,95%CI:1.167-3.821).[Conclusion]Smoking abstinence self-efficacy has a positive impact on willingness to quit smoking,while smoking rationalization belief has a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking.Efforts to improve smoking abstinence self-efficacy and dispel smoking rationalization beliefs of smokers should be made to promote the intention to quit among smokers.

关 键 词：吸烟 戒烟意愿 影响因素 吸烟合理化信念 拒烟自我效能 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]