翘嘴鲌淀山湖和兴凯湖群体的胚胎发育及染色体核型比较  

Research on embryo development and karyotype between Dianshan Lake and Xingkai Lake populations of Culter alburnus

作　　者：徐博文 张国奇 周陆 张友良 王军[1] 王成辉[1] XU Bowen;ZHANG Guoqi;ZHOU Lu;ZHANG Youliang;WANG Jun;WANG Chenghui(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Songjiang Aquatic Bred Farm Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201616,China;Shanghai Songjiang Fisheries Technical Extension Station,Shanghai 201616,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海松江水产良种场有限公司,上海201616 [3]上海市松江区水产技术推广站,上海201616

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2023年第3期168-175,共8页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：上海市科技兴农技术创新项目(2019-02-08-00-13-F01112)。

摘　　要：为了解翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)南、北不同地理群体在繁殖和染色体核型方面的差异性,以翘嘴鲌南方(上海淀山湖)群体和北方(黑龙江兴凯湖)群体为研究对象,在上海地区同时进行了翘嘴鲌两个群体的人工繁育、胚胎发育观察和染色体组成比较。结果显示,翘嘴鲌南方淀山湖群体的受精卵呈灰黄色,有黏性,为黏性卵,卵径为(1.11±0.05)mm;北方兴凯湖群体的受精卵呈青灰色,无黏性,为浮性卵,卵径为(1.21±0.03)mm。两个群体的相对繁殖力和受精率无明显差异。在(25±1)℃的水温条件下,两个群体的胚胎均可以在24 h内出膜,且胚胎发育特征及时序无明显差异。北方兴凯湖群体仔鱼的出膜后体长为(5.77±0.29)mm,极显著大于南方淀山湖群体[(3.40±0.14)mm](P<0.01)。两个群体的染色体数目均为2n=48,其中南方淀山湖群体的核型公式为2n=24m+20sm+4st,染色体臂数NF=88;北方兴凯湖群体的核型公式为2n=22sm+26m,NF=96。研究表明,翘嘴鲌南方淀山湖与北方兴凯湖群体在受精卵的特征及染色体核型上存在一定的差异,且北方兴凯湖水系翘嘴鲌可以在南方地区正常的繁育,其繁育性能不会因为环境变化而产生较大改变。To understand the divergence in the reproduction characters and karyotypes among southern and northern populations of Culter alburnus,the artificial reproduction of two populations of C.alburnus in Shanghai was conducted.The embryo development and karyotypes of southern(Dianshan Lake)and northern(Xingkai Lake)populations of C.alburnus were observed.The results showed that the fertilized eggs of the Dianshan Lake population were grayish-yellow and viscous,with a diameter of(1.11±0.05)mm.The fertilized eggs of the Xingkai Lak e population were livid,non-viscous,and floating,with a diameter of(1.21±0.03)mm.There was no significant difference on fertilization rate and relative fecundity between the two populations.During the embryo development,no significant difference was identified between the two populations.The body length of the larva fry in the Xingkai Lake was(5.77±0.29)mm,which was significantly longer than that in the Dianshan Lake[(3.40±0.14)mm].The chromosome number of Dianshan and Xingkai Lake populations were both 2n=48.The karyotype formula was 2n=24m+20sm+4st,NF=88 in the Dianshan Lake population and was 2n=22m+26sm,NF=96 in the Xingkai Lake population.The results indicated that significant differences in the reproductive performance and karyotype between the Dianshan Lake and Xingkai Lake populations of C.alburnus were due to environmental adaptation.However,the reproductive performance of the northern Xingkai Lake population was normal in the southern region(Shanghai)and was not significantly affected by the environmental change.

关 键 词：翘嘴鲌 胚胎发育 繁育 核型分析 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]