面向共享汽车自调度的还车奖惩方案仿真  

Simulation of vehicle return reward and punishment schemes for sharing vehicle self-scheduling

作　　者：王家玉 牟振华 申栋夫 金程程 WANG Jiayu;MOU Zhenhua;SHEN Dongfu;JIN Chengcheng(Zhangqiu District Brigade of Traffic Police Detachment of Jinan Public Security Bureau,Jinan 250000,China;School of Transportation Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250000,China;Jinan Lixia Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市公安局交通警察支队章丘区大队,济南250000 [2]山东建筑大学交通工程学院,济南250000 [3]济南历下控股集团有限公司,济南250000

出　　处：《交通科技与经济》2023年第3期31-39,共9页Technology & Economy in Areas of Communications

基　　金：交通运输部交通运输行业重点科技项目(2021-ZD2-047);山东省交通运输科技计划项目(2021B49);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2021KJ058)。

摘　　要：针对定点式共享汽车运营模式调度成本高、用户还车不方便等问题,研究引入超停收费和规范还车奖励,考虑用户还车的时间成本和运营商的口碑效益,引导用户在期望网点还车来实现共享汽车的自调度。研究构建了用户与运营商的二元演化博弈仿真评价模型,分析了演化系统均衡点的位置、稳定性和演化机制以及不同奖惩方案下的系统演化趋势,探究了超停费和规范还车奖励金额的不同取值对系统收敛速度的敏感性影响,量化了短期和长期两种不同演化博弈系统下的最优奖惩方案。研究发现:当用户在期望点还车所付出的时间成本为6元、对运营商的口碑效益为4元时,运营商可以设置6元的超停费和7元的规范还车奖励金额,以引导共享汽车用户形成规范还车的习惯;在时间成本和口碑效益不变的情况下,也可将4.5元的超停费和6元的奖励金额分别作为还车奖惩方案设置的长期参考值。结果表明:设置合理的共享汽车还车奖惩方案可以促进用户规范还车,从而实现共享汽车的自调度。In view of the problems such as high scheduling cost and inconvenience of vehicle return of users are troubling the station-based car sharing operating nowadays.The study guided users to return vehicle at expected parking to realize the self-scheduling of car sharing.It introduced the overparking fee and standardized return reward,and the time cost of users and the reputation revenue to operators.A simulation evaluation model of binary evolutionary game between users and operators was constructed.The location,stability and evolution mechanism of the equilibrium point of the evolutionary system and the evolution trend of the system under different reward and punishment schemes were analyzed.The sensitivity of different values of overparking fee and standardized vehicle return reward on the convergence rate of the system was explored.The optimal reward and punishment schemes under two different evolutionary game systems in the short-term and long-term were finally quantified.The study found that,in order to guide car sharing users to form the habit of standardized return,the operator can set the time cost of the user returning the car at the expected points 6 yuan and the standardized return reward amount to the operator is 7 yuan,when the time cost is 6 yuan and the reputation revenue is 4 yuan.Under the condition that the time cost and reputation revenue unchanged the overparking fee of 4.5 yuan and 6 yuan can be used as the reference value for the long-term reward and punishment schemes.The results show that setting a reasonable reward and punishment schemes for vehicle return can promote users to standardized return,thus realizing the self-scheduling of car sharing.

关 键 词：交通规划 共享汽车 演化博弈 自调度 超停收费 规范还车奖励 

分 类 号：U-9[交通运输工程]