凝望宇宙、见微知著——司天工程介绍  

Introduction of the SiTian Project

作　　者：范舟[1] 沈志侠[1] 李正阳[2] 陈志远[1] 胡义 葛亮[1] 邹虎[1] 黄样 陈天禄[3] 胡绍明[4] 崔文元[5] 吴宏[1] 商朝晖[1] 吴雪峰[6] 毛永娜[1] 刘继峰[1] Fan Zhou;Shen Zhixia;Li Zhengyang;Chen Zhiyuan;Hu Yi;Ge Liang;Zou Hu;Huang Yang;Chen Tianlu;Hu Shaoming;Cui Wenyuan;Wu Hong;Shang Zhaohui;Wu Xuefeng;Mao Yongna;Liu Jifeng(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210042,China;Tibet Univerisity,Lasa 850000,China;Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China;Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国科学院南京天文光学技术研究所,南京210042 [3]西藏大学,拉萨850000 [4]山东大学,威海264209 [5]河北师范大学,石家庄050024 [6]中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210023

出　　处：《青海科技》2023年第2期18-28,共11页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：青海省重大科技专项“天文大科学装置冷湖台址监测与先导科学研究”(2019-ZJ-A10)。

摘　　要：当今天文学已经从刻画静态宇宙发展到认识动态宇宙。对宇宙空间中任何时间变化加以研究的时域天文学,将揭示各类天体的变化,发现和探索新天体、新现象并开拓新的理论空间,已成为天文和天体物理界最活跃和最具突破性的前沿领域之一。高效搜寻和监测天体动态事件需要大视场、多波段和高频次的时域巡天,高性能观测设备与能充分发挥设备观测能力的优质天文台址缺一不可。司天工程是我国天文学家面向时域天文学所提出的“十五五”天文重大基础设施,一期计划在国内多个优选观测台址布置54台(18组)口径1米级的大视场望远镜,组成多波段同时监测网络,每30分钟完成1万平方度天区的高精度三色“凝视”巡天。司天的采样频率比全球其他巡天项目高近两个量级,将突破目前探测时标的限制,在新的空域和时域下发现大批新天体、新现象,在宇宙极端高能爆发源、引力波电磁对应体、系外行星和太阳系天体等理论和观测研究中形成新的突破,在“两暗一黑三起源”等重大科学问题研究以及地球文明灾难预警等国家空间安全问题方面发挥重要作用。Nowadays,astronomy has developed from describing the static universe to understanding the dynamic universe.Time domain astronomy,which studies any time change in space,will reveal the changes of various objects,discover and explore new objects and phenomena,and open up new theoretical space.It has become one of the most active and breakthrough frontier fields in astronomy and astrophysics.Efficient search and monitoring of dynamic events requires large field of view,multi-band and high-frequency time-domain sky surveys,and high-performance observation equipment and high-quality astronomical sites.Sitian Project is a major astronomical infrastructure proposed by Chinese astronomers for time-domain astronomy in the“15th Five-Year Plan”.The first phase plans to deploy 54(18 groups)large field telescopes with an aperture of 1 meter to form a multi-band simultaneous monitoring network.A high-precision three-color“staring”survey of 10000 square degrees of sky is completed every 30 minutes.The sampling frequency of Sitian is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of other global sky survey projects,which will break through the limitation of the current detection time scale,discover a large number of new objects and phenomena,and form new breakthrough in the theoretical and observational studies of extreme highenergy bursts in the universe,electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves,exoplanets and objects in the solar system.It plays an important role in the research of major scientific issues and in the national space security issues such as the early warning of the earth civilization disaster.

关 键 词：时域天文学 巡天观测 光学天文 多色测光 

分 类 号：P1[天文地球—天文学]