整合宏基因组学分析生猪养殖粪污堆肥发酵过程中微生物群落动态变化  

Analysis of the Dynamic Changes of Microbial Communities during Fermentation of Pig Manure by Integrating Metagenomics

作　　者：赵素君[1] 曹冶[1] 李江凌[1] 张金灵[1] 刘锐[1] 王秋实[1] 于吉锋[1] ZHAO Su-jun;CAO Ye;LI Jiang-ling;ZHANG Jin-ling;LIU Rui;WANG Qiu-shi;YU Ji-feng(Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Animal Science Academy,Chengdu,Sichuan,610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省畜牧科学研究院/动物遗传育种四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2023年第6期84-90,共7页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项自由探索类基础研究项目(2020ZYD031);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川生猪创新团队项目(sccxtd-2022-08);四川省科技计划(重点研发项目)(2021YFYZ0030);省财政运行专项项目(SASA2022CZYX007)。

摘　　要：以猪粪和菌渣为发酵原料,进行有氧堆肥处理,在堆肥第1、4、8、12、16、22、29天,进行上、中、下分层多点采样,提取总DNA构建文库,经定量和检测合格后,利用宏基因组测序分析堆肥过程中微生物区系变化与致病微生物动态变化。结果表明,堆肥期间微生物丰度发生明显变化,其中细菌丰度先升后降,病毒丰度变化平稳,真菌丰度稍有增长,古细菌丰度则稍有下降。在堆肥初始时,变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门等微生物群落为优势菌门;变形菌门在堆肥的第4天迅速达到高点,然后迅速下降并维持在原始水平,其中试验组的变化比对照组更为平稳;厚壁菌门在堆肥的前4 d,丰度急速下降,然后缓慢下降;拟杆菌门在堆肥期间,丰度持续上升。同时,大肠埃希氏菌、沙眼衣原体、肠道沙门氏菌、化脓性链球菌、停乳链球菌等强致病微生物,随着堆肥的进行,其丰度均逐渐下降。试验组和对照组的菌群结构和丰度变化趋势均无显著差异。Pig manure and mushroom residue were used as fermentation raw materials for aerobic composting.On the 1st,4th,8th,12th,16th,22nd and 29th days of composting,the upper,middle and lower layers were sampled at multiple points.Extraction of total DNA for library construction.After quantification and detection,metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the changes of microflora and the dynamic changes of pathogenic microorganisms during the composting.The results showed that the microbial abundance changed significantly during composting.Among them,the abundance of bacteria first increased and then decreased,the viruses changed steadily,the fungi increased slightly,and the archaea decreased slightly.At the initial stage of composting,the Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla,the Proteobacteria rapidly peaked on the 4th day of fermentation and then declined rapidly to maintain the original level.The changes in the experimental group were more stable than in the control.In the first 4 days of composting,the abundance of Firmicutes decreased rapidly and then slowly.The abundance of Bacteroides continued to increase during composting.Meanwhile,the abundance of the Escherichia coli,Chlamydia trachomatis,Salmonella enterica,Streptococcus pyogenes,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and other strong pathogenic microorganisms gradually decreased with the progress of composting.There was no significant difference in flora structure and abundance between the experimental group and the control group.

关 键 词：宏基因组学 微生物群落 粪污 堆肥发酵 

分 类 号：S851.24[农业科学—预防兽医学]