花粉的化学成分和药理作用研究进展及开发应用现状  

Research Progress and Development Status of Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects of Pollen

作　　者：成春亚 马艳珠 李冉 吴海旭 邵晶[1,2,3] 崔治家 CHENG Chunya;MA Yanzhu;LI Ran;WU Haixu;SHAO Jing;CUI Zhijia(Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou 730000,China;Northwest China Tibetan Medicine Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学,甘肃兰州730000 [2]西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃省中医药研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《陕西中医药大学学报》2023年第3期108-118,共11页Journal of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校科研项目青年博士基金项目(2022QB-090);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021A-083);甘肃省教育厅双一流重大科研项目(GSSYLXM-05)。

摘　　要：随着薄层色谱、高效液相色谱及气相色谱-质谱等分析测定技术的广泛应用,花粉中成分分析及其药理作用研究取得了长足发展。研究表明:花粉中黄酮、酚类、多糖等成分是花粉在抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、保护肝脏及预防心血管疾病等方面发挥药理作用的主要物质基础,此外,花粉中还含有蛋白质、氨基酸、脂质、矿物质、维生素等多种成分,可开发用于食品、保健、医药、化妆品、饲料加工等多领域,开发利用前景广阔。由于其良好的药理作用和保健价值,近年来对花粉的需求日益增加,然而由于缺乏系统的基础研究,很多植物种类的花粉并没有得到有效的利用,成为制约花粉产业发展的关键问题。通过对花粉中化学成分、主要药理作用及安全性评价等方面所取得的成果进行综述,并对花粉的开发利用现状进行评述与展望,从而提出花粉未来研究的两个方向:一是加快明确花粉的应用品种和有效成分;二是加强花粉质量标准的研究,以期为花粉资源的深入研究和开发利用提供理论依据。With the widespread application of analytical techniques such as thin layer chromatography,high-performance liquid chromatography,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,significant progress has been made in the analysis of pollen components and their pharmacological effects.Research has shown that flavonoids,phenols,polysaccharides,and other components in pollen are the main material basis for pollen's pharmacological effects in anti-inflammatory,antiviral,anti-tumor,antioxidant,liver protection,and cardiovascular disease prevention.In addition,pollen also contains various components such as proteins,amino acids,lipids,minerals,vitamins,and can be developed for use in various fields such as food,health,medicine,cosmetics,and feed processing,The development and utilization prospects are broad.Due to its good pharmacological effects and health value,the demand for pollen has been increasing in recent years.However,due to the lack of systematic basic research,many plant species of pollen have not been effectively utilized,which has become a key issue restricting the development of the pollen industry.This article reviews the achievements in the chemical composition,main pharmacological effects,and safety evaluation of pollen,and reviews and prospects the current development and utilization of pollen.Two directions for future research on pollen are proposed:firstly,to accelerate the identification of the applied varieties and effective components of pollen;The second is to strengthen the research on pollen quality standards,in order to provide theoretical basis for in-depth research and development and utilization of pollen resources.

关 键 词：花粉 化学成分 药理作用 开发应用 研究进展 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]