技术思想史何以可能?——从《技术与文明》看芒福德的编史方法  

How to Do an Intellectual History of Technology?——Lewis Mumford's Historiography in Technics and Civilization

作　　者：胡翌霖 HU Yilin(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期46-52,共7页Journal of Guangxi Minzu University ：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：芒福德是技术史学科的先驱,他的代表作《技术与文明》在编史学方法上有深远的启示意义。他的编史学方法可以阐发为“技术思想史”,与“科学思想史”一样,技术思想史旨在梳理技术发展的“内在逻辑”,即某种思想或精神层面的线索。技术思想史要求引入以下四个特征:一是精神性(不再把技术仅仅看作中性的物质器物,而是要揭示技术的精神内涵);二是统一性(找出各种技术的统一性而非仅仅碎片化地罗列);三是连贯性(在技术史中找出某种叙事逻辑,以归纳从古至今的技术发展);四是反思性(以“认识自我”为最终的哲学关切)。而芒福德在《技术与文明》中给出了相应的回答,他阐发了技术与精神互为因果的观点,提倡用技术体系的整体视角看待技术,并按照技术体系的转换划分技术史的断代线索,最终为当代人认识自己的时代提出要求,即要“消化”技术。Lewis Mumford is a pioneer in the discipline of the history of technology,and his masterpiece,Technics and Civilization,has deep implications in historiography.Like the intellectual history of Science,the intellectual history of technology aims at sorting out the"inner logic"of technological development,i.e.,the clues of some intellectual or spiritual dimensions.The intellectual history of technology requires the introduction of four characteristics:first,spirituality(no longer seeing technology as a neutral material object,but rather revealing the spiritual content of technology);second,unity(identifying the unity of technologies rather than just a fragmented list);third,coherence(identifying a narrative logic in the history of technology to summarize the development of technology from ancient times to the present);fourth,reflexivity(taking"knowing oneself"as the ultimate philosophical concern).In his Technics and Civilization,Mumford gives a corresponding answer,expounding the idea that technology and spirituality are causal;advocating a holistic view of technology systems;dividing the history of technology into generational clues according to the transformation of technology systems;and finally demanding that contemporary people know their own time,i.e.,to assimilate technology.

关 键 词：芒福德 技术史 思想史 技术体系 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]