论公众共用自然资源的使用:路径转换与权利建构  

On Public Access to Natural Resources:Shifting Paths and Constructing Rights

作　　者：叶榅平[1] 王怡昕 YE Wenping;WANG Yixin

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期40-54,111,共16页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“改革生态环境监管体制重大法律问题研究”(18VSJ04)。

摘　　要：公众共用自然资源在人们相互交往过程中发挥着“舞台”的功能,是人们与大自然联系、接触的地域和空间。然而,我国现行法制强调对公众共用自然资源的行政管制而忽视了公众对共用自然资源合理使用的权利及其保障。为了舒缓人民群众对美好环境追求与共用自然资源行政管制之间的紧张关系,有必要以“公众共用自然资源使用权”为核心重构公众共用自然资源使用秩序。构建“公众共用自然资源使用权”是生态文明和法治建设的价值诉求,是充分保障公众共用自然资源利益的法制路径。这一权利的本质是不特定多数人非排他性使用公众共用自然资源的资格、自由、力量和利益,是一项独立、新型的权利,具有公共性质的人格面向性和宪法位阶性。从法律基础来看,公众共用自然资源使用权可以经由宪法化解释路径、民法典的“权利”话语表达以及环境法上“环境权”一体两翼体系化解释实现规范内涵的续造。Publicly shared natural resources play the role of a"stage"in the process of people′s interaction with each other,and are the territory and space for people to connect and engage with nature.However,the current legal system in China emphasizes administrative control over the public use of natural resources,while neglecting the public right to the reasonable use of natural resources and its protection.In order to alleviate the tension between people′s pursuit of a better environment and the administrative control of shared natural resources,it is necessary to restructure the order of public use of shared natural resources with the"public right to use shared natural resources"as the core.The construction of a"public right of access to natural resources"is a value-based aspiration of ecological civilisation and the construction of the rule of law,and a legal path to fully protect public interest in the sharing of natural resources.The essence of this right is the qualification,freedom,power and benefit of non-exclusive use of the public common natural resources by an unspecified majority of people,which is an independent and new type of right with public-oriented personality and constitutional status.In terms of the legal basis,the right to use natural resources for public use can be renewed through the path of constitutional interpretation,the expression of"rights"in the civil code and the systematic interpretation of"environmental rights"in environmental law as two wings.

关 键 词：自然资源 公众共用自然资源 自然资源使用权 生态文明建设 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]