秀珍菇菌渣复配基质对高架草莓产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Pleurotus pulmonarius Mushroom Residue Compound Substrate on the Yield and Quality of Strawberry in Elevated Cultivation

作　　者：李水凤 马海东 周晨浩 朱观扬 陈亚楠 李南羿[2] 张岚岚[2] Li Shuifeng;Ma Haidong;Zhou Chenhao;Zhu Guanyang;Chen Yanan;Li Nanyi;Zhang Lanlan(Agricultural(Forestry)Technology Extension Center,Xiaoshan,Hangzhou 311203,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province/College of Horticulture Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311300,China;Hangzhou Jinmaitian Planting and Cultivation Specialized Cooperatives,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311255,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市萧山区农(林)业技术推广中心,浙江杭州311203 [2]浙江农林大学园艺科学学院/浙江省山区农业高效绿色生产协同创新中心,浙江杭州311300 [3]杭州金迈田种养殖有限公司,浙江杭州311255

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2023年第3期29-33,60,共6页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：杭州市萧山区农业产业技术创新与推广服务团队项目(202108);浙江省十四五食用菌育种重大专项子项目(2021C02073-2)。

摘　　要：为开发利用食用菌废弃菌渣,降低草莓高架栽培基质成本,本研究通过设置3种不同配比秀珍菇菌渣、羊粪、普通基质的混料作为栽培基质,综合分析了不同基质的主要理化特性及其对草莓生长发育、产量、抗病性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与专用基质相比,复配基质可有效提升有机质含量,最高可增加13.5%;电导率(EC)和pH值的上升幅度均达到了显著性水平,最高达普通基质的1.5倍左右;而基质容重、总孔隙度和通气孔隙度等参数并无显著差异。复配基质可促进草莓植株生长,提升草莓疫霉果腐病抗性,提高草莓产量,其中菌渣∶羊粪∶基质比为5∶3∶2的667m^(2)产量比对照提高了10.26%,但对草莓果实的外观和内在品质无显著影响。综合评价以菌渣∶羊粪∶基质比为5∶3∶2的配比最佳,成本可降低约56%,667m^(2)净利润提升约53%。In order to develop and utilize the waste mushroom residues of edible fungi and reduce the cost of media in strawberry elevated cultivation substrates,this study set up three types of mixtures of Pleurotus pulmonarius mushroom residues,sheep manure and common substrates with various ratios as cultivation substrates,comprehensively analyzed the main physical and chemical properties of different media and the effects on growth,yield,disease resistance and fruit quality of strawberry.The results showed that compared with the common media,compound substrates effectively increased the content of organic matter,up to 13.5%.The electrical conductivity(EC)and pH values both reached a significantly higher level than that of the control,up to about 1.5 times.However,there were no significant differences in parameters such as media bulk density,total porosity and aeration porosity.Cultivation with compound substrates can promote the growth of strawberry plants,improve the resistance of Phytophthora fragariae,and increase the yield of strawberries,which the yield per 667 m^(2)of mushroom residues∶sheep manure∶common substrates of 5∶3∶2 was 10.26%higher than that of control.But this treatment had no significant effect on the quality of strawberry fruit.In the comprehensive evaluation,the media with the ratio of mushroom residues∶sheep manure∶common substrate=5∶3∶2 was the best,and the cultivation cost was reduced by about 56%,and the net profit per 667 m^(2)increased by about 53%.

关 键 词：草莓 菌渣 基质特性 高架栽培 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]