地月空间发展的若干工程与技术问题  

Several Engineering and Technical Issues in the Development of Cislunar Space

作　　者：张育林 刘红卫[2] 蒋超 高永飞 程子龙 李泰博 胡瑞军 周昊 ZHANG Yulin;LIU Hongwei;JIANG Chao;GAO Yongfei;CHENG Zilong;LI Taibo;HU Ruijun;ZHOU Hao(College of Control Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100071,China;Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;School of Astronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学控制科学与工程学院,杭州310027 [2]军事科学院国防科技创新研究院,北京100071 [3]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [4]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [5]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [6]西北工业大学航天学院,西安710072

出　　处：《宇航学报》2023年第4期612-632,共21页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：针对地月空间发展的关键工程与技术问题,从地月空间运输、月球和小天体资源、月面机器人、地月空间经济圈等角度开展了研究。地月空间运输分为天地往返、地月转移和月面升降等阶段,需要根据不同阶段的环境特征发展不同的飞行器、运输方式和重复使用方案,并考虑地球空间站与载人月球探测的一体化设计。地球静止轨道是理想的地月空间工业园区,月球空间的真空、低重力、低温以及充足太阳能等条件为发展磁悬浮、太空电梯、天钩等电气化运输提供了便利;面对严酷的月面环境和稀缺的人力资源,月面机器人将发挥先导性和主力军作用,用于基础设施建设、航天员陪伴与辅助、人机协作等。地月空间发展不仅仅是载人登月,而是以建立地月空间经济圈为目标,促使国家利益从地面、海洋延伸至地月空间,推动太空产业从围绕地球向围绕地月空间发展,加速人类社会由地球文明向太阳系文明迈进。In view of the key engineering and technical issues in the development of cislunar space,studies are carried out from the perspectives of cislunar space transportation,resources of the Moon and small celestial bodies,lunar robots,and the cislunar space economic system.Cislunar space transportation can be divided into phases such as round-trip between the Earth and the orbit,Earth-Moon transfer,and lunar landing and ascent.It is necessary to develop different vehicles,transportation modes and reuse schemes according to the environmental characteristics of different phases,and consider the integrated design of the space station near the Earth and manned lunar exploration.The abundant resources of the Moon and small near-Earth objects are the material basis for the development of cislunar space.The geostationary orbit is an ideal industrial park in cislunar space.The vacuum,low gravity,low temperature and sufficient solar energy in lunar space facilitate the development of electrification transportation such as magnetic levitation,space elevator and skyhook.Facing the harsh lunar environment and scarce human resources,the lunar robot will play a leading and main role in infrastructure construction,astronaut accompaniment and assistance,human-machine cooperation.The development of cislunar space is not only for manned landing on the Moon,but also for the establishment of cislunar economic system.It will promote the national interests to extend from the land and the sea to cislunar space,promote the development of space industry from the earth to cislunar space,and accelerate the progress of human society from the earth civilization to the solar system civilization.

关 键 词：地月空间运输体系 月球资源 空间基础设施 月面机器人 地月空间经济圈 

分 类 号：V57[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]