明日叶茎基腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Identification and biological characteristics of basal stem rot pathogen on Angelica keiskei

作　　者：周洁 文生巧 齐传东 杨硕 肖颖 吴金平[1,2] 郭凤领 ZHOU Jie;WEN Shengqiao;QI Chuandong;YANG Shuo;XIAO Ying;WU Jinping;GUOFengling(Institute of Economic Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Wuhan Customs District P.R.China,Wuhan 430040,Hubei,China;Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xianning 437100,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,武汉430064 [2]湖北省蔬菜种质创新与遗传改良重点实验室,武汉430064 [3]中华人民共和国武汉海关,武汉430040 [4]咸宁市农业科学院,湖北咸宁437100

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第5期44-50,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-24-G-17)。

摘　　要：为了明确明日叶(Angelica keiskei)茎基腐病致病菌及其生物学特性,采用组织分离法对明日叶茎基腐病样进行病原菌分离纯化,通过柯赫氏法则进行致病性验证,通过形态观察结合rDNA-ITS序列比对进行病原鉴定,对致病菌的最佳碳氮源等生物学特性进行测定,并在室内检测11种商品药剂对病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,明日叶茎基腐病致病菌为核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum),该病原菌最适生长温度为25℃;供试范围中所有pH范围均可生长,最适pH值为5;供试碳氮源中对葡萄糖、蔗糖和D-果糖的利用率最高,菌落直径最大,达到6.22 cm,最佳氮源为酵母提取物,菌落直径达到7.27 cm。在室内药效测定试验的11种药剂中,50%异菌脲对菌株MF1的抑菌效果最佳,菌丝生长抑制率达到88.89%。综上所述,首次确定了引起明日叶茎基腐烂的病原菌为核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum),通过调节土壤酸碱度可能有利于减轻病害,50%异菌脲可作为田间化学防治的备选药剂。To identify the pathogen of basal stem rot on Angelica keiskei and clarify the biological characteristics,the pathogenic fungus were isolated by tissue isolation method,pathogenicity test was complied to Koch’s rule.The pathogen was identified by the morphology and analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence.The biological characteristics of the pathogen were determined,and the inhibitory effects of 11 kinds of fungicides on the pathogen was screened.The results showed that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the pathogen of Ashitaba stem rot,the optimal temperature of the pathogen growth was 25℃,the optimal pH value in the test range was 5.Among the tested carbon and nitrogen sources,the utilization rate of glucose,sucrose and D-fructose was the highest,and the maximum colony diameter was 6.22 cm;the best nitrogen source was yeast extract,the colony diameter was 7.27 cm.The result of toxicity tests of 11 fungicides against MF1 showed the antifungal effect of 50%iprodione was the best,the inhibition rate of mycelium growth was 88.89%.In conclusion,S.sclerotiorum was identified for the first time as the pathogen of basal stem rot on Angelica keiskei in this study.The disease may be effectively alleviated by adjusting the pH of the soil.50%iprodione can be used as an alternative agent for chemical control of this disease in the field.

关 键 词：明日叶 核盘菌 生物学特性 杀菌剂筛选 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]