设施种植年限对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮及硝化强度的影响  

Effects of planting years on soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and nitrification intensity in protected vegetable fields

作　　者：潘飞飞 张伟豪 孙壮 唐蛟 陈碧华 PAN Feifei;ZHANG Weihao;SUN Zhuang;TANG Jiao;CHEN Bihua(School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;School of Resources and Environment,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003 [2]河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心,河南新乡453003 [3]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第5期109-114,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河南科技学院博士科研启动费(207010618002);河南省重大科技专项(创新示范专项)(201111110600)。

摘　　要：为了解设施蔬菜种植年限对土壤矿质氮含量及硝化强度的影响及各指标间的相关关系,以露地菜田土壤(0年)为对照,以不同种植年限设施菜田土壤(5、10、15、20年)为供试土壤,分别测定其铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量及硝化强度,以明确设施蔬菜种植年限对土壤自身速效养分供应能力的影响,为不同年限设施菜田定点施肥管理措施的制定提供依据。结果表明,无论是露地栽培还是设施栽培,0~20 cm土层的土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量和硝化强度均高于相同种植年限20~40 cm土层,且设施种植年限越长,矿质氮的表聚特征越明显。与露地菜田相比,相同土层各设施菜田土壤的矿质氮含量均显著提高,随种植年限的增加,呈先升后降的趋势,0~20 cm土层矿质氮含量(w,后同)于15年时达最大值513.45 mg·kg^(-1),20~40 cm土层矿质氮含量于10年时达最大值353.21 mg·kg^(-1)。硝化强度与铵态氮含量呈显著正相关,除种植年限为15年的设施菜田外,其余设施菜田土壤的硝化强度均高于相同土层露地菜田土壤,以10年设施菜田最大。应减少设施菜田氮肥投入,并控制其硝化强度,避免蔬菜产品及地下水的硝酸盐污染。To understand the effect of protected vegetable planting years on soil mineral nitrogen content,nitrification intensity as well as the correlativity between them,soil samples from different years of protected vegetable planting(0,5,10,15 and 20 years)were collected for the determination of soil ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content and nitrification intensity.The object of this experiment was to clarify the influence of protected vegetable planting years on soil N supply capacity,providing basis for the establishment of site-specific fertilization management measures in protected vegetable fields with different planting years.The results showed that the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen as well as the nitrification intensity in 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than those in 20-40 cm soil layer,with the surface accumulation of mineral nitrogen more obvious in protected vegetable fields with longer planting years.Compared with open field,soil mineral nitrogen content in protected vegetable fields was significantly higher,showing a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increasing years of protected vegetable cultivation.The contents of mineral nitrogen in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers reached the maximum(513.45 mg·kg^(-1)and 353.21 mg·kg^(-1))in soil with 15 years and 10 years of protected cultivation,respectively.The nitrification intensity was significantly higher than that in the open field(except for the facility field with 15 years of planting)in the above two soil layers,with the maximum occurred in soil with 10-year protected cultivation.A significant positive correlation between nitrification intensity and ammonium nitrogen content was observed.In summary,nitrogen fertilization should be reduced and nitrification intensity should be controlled in protected vegetable fields to avoid the nitrate pollution of vegetable products and groundwater.

关 键 词：设施菜田 种植年限 铵态氮 硝态氮 硝化强度 

分 类 号：S606.1[农业科学—园艺学]