建筑立体绿化方式和设计高度对三维空间降温潜力的影响  

Influence of Green Building Planting Form and Design Height on Cooling Potential of 3D Space

作　　者：姜之点 杨峰[1,2] JIANG Zhidian;YANG Feng(College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;Experimental Center of Technology for Climate Responsive Design of Dense Cities,Tongji University)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]同济大学高密度城市气候响应设计技术分实验中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第5期75-82,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角高密度城区垂直绿化系统(VGS)空间绩效图谱研究”(编号52178022)。

摘　　要：【目的】立体绿化方式和设计高度是影响立体绿化降温强度的潜在指标,但现有研究较少在同一时空维度下对两者进行分析。【方法】借助ENVI-met,对上海市典型单体建筑开展4种立体绿化方式和10种设计高度的多场景微气候模拟与降温潜力三维时空分析。【结果】在三维空间内,立体绿化的降温时段主要集中在午后,其降温强度在太阳辐射累积强度最大时达到峰值。其中,屋顶绿化降温强度随设计高度增加而递减,降温覆盖范围随之变化较小,并多停留在屋面空间;垂直绿化降温强度受设计高度影响微弱,但降温覆盖范围随设计高度增加明显扩大,主要作用在近地面人行空间;前者单位面积降温强度更大,后者在降温累计时长和降温覆盖范围上更优。【结论】屋顶绿化因其在单位面积内具有较高降温强度,宜先行布置;垂直绿化全覆盖模式能够最大化扩展降温覆盖范围;局部垂直绿化在低层建筑或高层建筑底层空间的降温潜力甚微,应考虑其视觉景观效益。[Objective]The construction land in densely populated cities is becoming increasingly rare,and green space is scarce on the ground.The green building planting(GBP)may make full use of the idle area of building roof and wall to contribute to urban greening,and relieve the thermal environment strain.By affecting ventilation and shading,the building space can produce cold and heat exchanges,and variation in solar radiation,thus further differentiating the cooling potential of GBP.However,the particular cooling effects of GBP in different design heights are unclear,and the divergence of the thermal effects of different types of GBP in 3D space cannot be adequately compared.Therefore,this research focuses on extracting the size and height features of typical single buildings from urban vector data,and simulating the spatial and temporal characteristics of the cooling intensity of both roof greening and vertical greening,while putting more emphasis on the difference in thermal effects caused by the design height of greening.[Methods]The research adopts the“green facade”module of ENVI-met to perform microclimate simulation and spatial-temporal analysis of cooling potential before and after GBP in typical single buildings in Shanghai.Based on the unified setting of climate backdrop and built environment conditions,the research establishes a combination of ten unique building heights(design height,h),four GBP forms,and non-greening reference model,involving50 simulation scenarios in total.To represent the cooling potential of GBP,the research takes the difference in outdoor ambient temperature between the greening(Tgreen)and non-greening(Tbare)scenarios of the same single building as the cooling intensity(Tbare-Tgreen),and the area occupied by the remaining“cooling grid”left upon the removal of building as the cooling coverage,to indicate the average difference of the thermal effect in each greening scenario.[Results]The findings of this research reveal that GBP cooling phase is concentrated after midday,and cooli

关 键 词：屋顶绿化 垂直绿化 ENVI-met模拟 三维空间 降温强度 降温覆盖范围 

分 类 号：TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]