乡村传统公墓文化景观遗产特征:以漏泽园为例  

Characteristics of Cultural Landscape Heritage of Traditional Rural Cemetery:A Case Study of“Louzeyuan”

作　　者：陆哲明 武祥永[2] 沈存 赵鸣[3] LU Zheming;WU Xiangyong;SHEN Cun;ZHAO Ming(School of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University;Cheung Kong School of Art&Design,Shantou University;School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院 [2]汕头大学长江艺术与设计学院 [3]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第5期117-123,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：浙江农林大学科研发展基金人才启动项目“汉传佛教经济活动影响下的景观遗产及其特征研究”(编号2022LFR124)。

摘　　要：【目的】以漏泽园为代表的传统乡村公墓,较少受到文化景观学者的关注,在日益重视文化景观遗产的当下,亟须对漏泽园的景观特征进行研究,弥补其在乡村文化景观遗产视角下的研究不足,并为进一步的遗产保护提供基础信息。【方法】采用文献研究法,并结合考古出土发现对漏泽园的文化景观遗产特征进行研究。【结果】研究发现,漏泽园的文化景观遗产特征表现为选址上邻近佛寺,以不毛之地作为场地,面积规模相对较小,墓穴布局齐整但形制简易,内部常有奠庐并具有完善的排水系统,周边以栅栏墙、边界树以及一角的石质园碑标明边界。【结论】北宋时,在传统土葬文化和佛教悲田文化的双重影响下,漏泽园通过置办土地、收瘗逝者,开始成为乡村地区一处与周边自然景观迥异的纪念性文化景观场所。研究厘清了中国已运用近千年的漏泽园传统公墓基本文化景观遗产特征,并为其保护及传承提供了理论基础。[Objective]The concept of rural cultural landscape heritage integrates all such areas as protection of natural ecological environment,biodiversity,historical space and local knowledge,covering all material and non-material heritage resources related to traditional rural production and life,including natural and artificial landscape,buildings and structures,as well as rural social customs and cultural skills.The rural cultural landscape heritage belongs to the evolutionary landscape that constitutes an integral part of the world heritage.As a kind of public cemetery in rural areas of China,“Louzeyuan”is a kind of landscape closely related to traditional rural life,which is formed using rural resources in combination with specific culture to meet the needs of burial.“Louzeyuan”is an important type of rural cultural landscape heritage,and also a part of world heritage.Although mass burial had early appeared in ancient China,the government-run public cemetery planned and designed to a certain extent did not take shape until the appearance of“Louzeyuan”,one of the three major social welfare in Song Dynasty which is handed down to later generations.At present,the research on“Louzeyuan”mainly focuses on the historical origin,organization and social significance thereof in the field of social science,as well as the unearthed inscription bricks,the buried burial utensils and the identity of the buried in the field of archaeology.The landscape characteristics of“Louzeyuan”are rarely discussed,making it impossible to get a glimpse of the overall picture thereof.From the perspective of rural cultural landscape heritage,this research explores the cultural landscape characteristics of“Louzeyuan”,in hope of filling in the gap of research in this field.[Methods]Through literature research and archaeological excavation,the research explores the cultural landscape characteristics of“Louzeyuan”.[Results]“Louzeyuan”is a rural cultural landscape produced under the combined influence of traditional buri

关 键 词：乡村景观 文化景观 人文景观 遗产保护 纪念性场所 公共墓园 

分 类 号：TU986.53[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]