“真境造山”理念下叠石假山营建中的种植设计  

Planting Design in the Construction of Stone Stacked Rockery Under the Concept of“Realistic Rockery Construction”

作　　者：杨云峰[1] 云嘉燕 董芊里 张青萍[3] YANG Yunfeng;YUN Jiayan;DONG Qianli;ZHANG Qingping(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University;College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;Research Center for History and Heritage Conservation of Jiangnan Garden,Nanjing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]南京林业大学江南园林历史与遗产保护研究中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第5期131-138,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“现存苏州私家园林叠山的三维数字化信息研究”(编号51878353);国家自然科学基金“城市湿地公园实施方案验证分析”(编号31300590);中国博士后基金“清代江南女性诗词中的园林形象研究”(编号2021M691603)。

摘　　要：【目的】学界对园林中叠石假山营建体现真山之境这一观点已有共识,其上的种植设计应兼顾美学与生态两方面的要求,并考虑如何在有限的空间内辅助假山、烘托意境,但目前少有成体系的研究。为此,探究假山营建中这一约定俗成的植物设计方式。【方法】通过文献研究、实例分析、交流访谈及实地调研的方法,探讨“真境造山”理念下园林叠石假山的种植设计目的、原则、方法和技法。【结果】1)在设计目的上,应围绕“营真境、求意境”的理念展开。2)在设计原则上,注重“疏朗、错落、合宜、助势”——树形疏朗,叶不挡枝;栽植有层次,高矮变化错落有致;选择合适树种;种植设计为山服务,营造山势。3)在设计方法上,植物选择需适配假山风格,目的在于“取荫、遮瑕”;营建之前就应完成种植布局;山前、山中、山后3个区域采用不同的种植设计方法;通过植物的色香味体现假山意境内涵。4)在设计技法上,树种的选择以丛生多干的小乔木为主,与其他种类植物配合进行景观营造,后期通过合理修剪,体现假山造景的自然美。【结论】围绕“真境造山”的主题,细致研究了叠石假山种植设计的方法,加深了对传统造园叠山技艺的系统性理解,可为造园实践提供指引。[Objective]A consensus in academia is that the construction of garden rockery should reflect the state of real mountain.Accordingly,planting design in rockery should also revolve around the purpose of“creating real environment and seeking artistic conception”.However,most existing researches mainly focus on the summary of plant configuration in gardens,seldom involving the discussion on planting design within the scope of rockery,and fail to deeply explore the principles and methods for rockery planting.This research aims to explore the conventional method and technology for rockery planting design,and to provide planting design for“real mountain type”rockery.[Methods]Based on literature study,case analysis,interviews with artisans and field research,this research discusses the purpose,principle,method and technique of planting design in the construction of garden rockery under the concept of“realistic rockery construction”.[Results]In the process of“realistic rockery construction”,the purpose of plant planting design is to create a natural state that is intended to make rockery more real.The configuration of plants is to endow plants with specific connotation that may help,create the artistic conception of rockery,so as to stimulate the imagination of visitors with rockery as the media.In planting design,it should be clear that although some methods and techniques are based on painting,there are obvious differences between rockery planting and landscape painting from the perspective of viewing and visual effects,and there are also obvious differences between rockery planting and bonsai.The principles of planting design may be summarized as being“clear”,“well-arranged”,“suitable”and“auxiliary”.1)Being“clear”means that trees are shaped with no branches being blocked by leaves,so as not to affect visitors'appreciation;2)being“wellarranged”means that trees should be planted in a scattered manner along the trend of rockery,which entails planting trees with different heights to

关 键 词：风景园林 真境 叠石假山 园林植物 种植设计 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]