未成年人个人信息保护的困境及其应对——基于《个人信息保护法》第31条的展开  

Institutional Dilemma of Personal Information Protection for Minors and Its Response:Expansion Based on Article 31 of the Personal Information Protection Law

作　　者：陈诗涵 王伟 CHEN Shi-han;WANG Wei(School of Law,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学法学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《山东青年政治学院学报》2023年第3期54-63,共10页Journal of Shandong Youth University of Political Science

摘　　要：我国目前在未成年人个人信息保护中面对两大困境:一是现有年龄界限的简单二分法缺乏弹性,既存在部分年龄段未成年人保护缺口问题,又损害了部分未成年人的信息自决权;二是监护人替代子女行使知情权和同意权的过程中存在着监护人认知能力有限、信息处理者收集未成年人数据决策的不可知性以及采取同意的技术机制尚不完善等难题。为破解以上困境并结合数字时代信息流通的特点,应当构建以“年龄界限”为基础的监护人替代同意制度,具体通过细分年龄界限、引入风险管理理念、构建基于风险等级的同意标准、加强信息处理者安全保护义务以及始终贯彻公平信息实践原则等举措来实现未成年人的利益最大化。China is currently facing two major dilemmas in the protection of minors'personal information:First,the existing simple dichotomy of age limit is inflexible,which has both the problem of protection gaps for some age groups of minors and undermines the right to information self-determination of some minors;Second,the process of guardians exercising the right to information and consent instead of their children presents challenges such as the limited cognitive ability of guardians,the unknown ability of information processors in collecting data on minors for decision-making,and the imperfect technical mechanisms for taking consent.To solve the above dilemma and take into account the characteristics of information circulation in the digital age,a guardian substitute consent system based on age limit should be constructed to maximize the interests of minors by subdividing age boundaries,introducing the concept of risk management,constructing consent standards based on risk levels,strengthening the safety protection obligations of information processors,and always implementing the principle of fair information practices.

关 键 词：未成年人 个人信息保护 年龄界限 监护人替代同意 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]