基于FKM-熵权TOPSIS模型的住宅环境性能评价  

Evaluation of Housing Environmental Performance Based on FKM Entropy Weighted TOPSIS Model

作　　者：何叶荣 李洋 He Yerong;Li Yang(School of Economics and Management,Anhui University of Architecture,Hefei City,Anhui Province 230041)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学经济与管理学院,安徽合肥230041

出　　处：《黄河科技学院学报》2023年第5期70-77,共8页Journal of Huanghe S&T College

基　　金：安徽省哲学社科规划一般项目“健康产业跨界融合发展”(AKSKY2020D14)。

摘　　要：为提升以居民为中心的住宅环境性能,同时能让住宅环境更好地表达居民的个性化需求,突破以往针对建筑物本身研究的视角,提出一种基于模糊KANO模型与熵权TOSIS法相结合的评价方法,从居民满意度角度出发设计住宅环境性能。首先通过文献阅读和实践走访,提出居民需求的20项指标,然后设计双向调查问卷,对居民进行基本的满意度调查,依据模糊KANO模型将居民的需求进行分类,筛选出9项基本型需求、7项期望型需求、1项魅力型需求和3项无差异型需求。其中基本型需求是必备环境性能指标,无差异型需求可根据开发商实际情况进行取舍。对于筛选出来的期望型需求和魅力型需求,邀请专家进行重要程度打分。最后利用熵权TOPSIS法对专家评价矩阵进行重要程度排序。结果表明,物流快递性能的重要度最高,这表示当该性能超过居民的预期时其满意度会大幅度提高,当该性能不具备或不够完善时居民也不会表示出明显的不满意,因此开发商在设计住宅环境性能时可以对其着重考虑。其次,对于重要度偏低的指标,开发商在设计环境性能时可以在保证不影响居民满意度的同时适当降低其完善程度,从而达到减少成本或提高效率的目的。In order to improve the environmental performance of residential buildings with residents as the center,and at the same time enable the residential environment to better express the personalized needs of residents,a breakthrough is made from the perspective of previous research on the building itself,and an evaluation method based on a combination of the fuzzy KANO model and the entropy-weighted TOSIS method is proposed to design the residential environment performance from the perspective of resident satisfaction.Firstly,through literature reading and practice visits,20 indicators of residents’needs are proposed.Then,a two-way questionnaire is designed to conduct a basic satisfaction survey of residents.According to the fuzzy KANO model,residents’needs are classified and 9 basic needs,7 expectation needs,1 charming needs and 3 undifferentiated needs are screened out.The basic demand is the necessary environmental performance index,and the non differential demand can be selected according to the actual situation of the developer.Experts will be invited to score the importance of the screened expectations and charismatic needs.Finally,the entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to rank the importance of the expert evaluation matrix.The results show that the performance of logistics express is of the highest importance,which means that when the performance exceeds the expectations of residents,their satisfaction will be greatly improved,and when the performance does not have or is not perfect,residents will not show obvious dissatisfaction,so developers can focus on it when designing residential environmental performance.Moreover,for indicators with low importance,developers can reduce the degree of perfection while ensuring that the residents'satisfaction is not affected when designing environmental performance,so as to reduce costs or increase efficiency.

关 键 词：FKM 熵权法 TOPSIS法 居民满意度 住宅环境性能 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]