战后日本女性参政状况探究--基于“三权分立”政权架构的解读  

A Study on the Female Participation in Politics in Postwar Japan:Based on the Interpretation of the“Tripartite Political System”Regime Structure

作　　者：黄嗦咪 Huang Suomi

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学日本学研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《东北亚外语研究》2023年第2期113-127,共15页Foreign Language Research in Northeast Asia

基　　金：辽宁省教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度课题立项项目“日本借鉴视角下在辽高校‘双一流’建设研究”(JG20DB093)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：女性参政是现代社会中一个值得关注的重要议题,其水平可衡量一国男女平等程度、民主决策能力及社会治理水平。本文在日本女性获得参政权的大背景下,从“三权分立”即立法、行政、司法的视角出发,利用官方数据对战后日本女性参政状况进行剖析,结果发现:在立法层面,虽然女性在立法机关中所占议席显著增加,但女性参政意愿与获选结果尚存较大差距且多进入立法权限较小的参议院;在行政层面,女性公职人员占比逐年升高且出现职级愈高性别平等化愈强的趋势,尤其是在中央阁僚中涌现出众多杰出女性政治家,与之相对,地方行政首脑的性别平等化发展则较迟缓;在司法层面,女性公职人员占比持续上升且与公务员整体女性占比差距不断缩小。可见,虽然来自“三权分立”系统内部的女性参政阻碍因素依然存在,但战后日本女性参政水平同时出现了“量”的显著提升和“质”的结构跃迁,这其中,男女平等的国际潮流、女性参政激励和支援政策的制定、女子高等教育的普及和男女角色定位的观念变迁是其演变优化的主要原因。本文可为厘清战后日本政治民主化进程中的女性因素提供必要参考。Female participation in politics is an important issue worthy of attention in modern society and its level can measure the degree of gender equality,democratic decision-making ability and social governance level of a country.Under the background of Female Suffrage in Japan,this paper tries to analyze female participation in politics in postwar Japan from the perspective of the“tripartite political system”that is,legislative,executive,and judicial by using official data.The results are as follows:firstly,in terms of legislative power,women have began to account for more seats in the legislature but there is still a big gap between female political intentions and the election results.Also,more women have entered the senate which has less legislative authority than the house of representatives;Secondly,in terms of executive power,the proportion of female civil servants has increased year by year,and a new tendency has emerged that the higher the official rank the stronger the gender equality tends to be,especially many outstanding female politicians have emerged in the central cabinet,while the development of gender equality among local administrative heads is slower;Thirdly,in terms of judicial power,the proportion of female civil servants continues to rise and the gap with the overall proportion of female civil servants continues to narrow.According to the above discussion,it can be seen that although there are still many obstacles from within the“tripartite political system”,the level of female participation in politics in postwar Japan has seen both a significant increase in“quantity”and a structural leap in“quality”.The main reasons for the development are the international trend of gender equality,the formulation of policies to encourage and support women’s participation in politics,the popularization of women’higher education and the concept change of gender role orientation.This paper can provide a necessary reference for clarifying the changes of women’s status in the process of politi

关 键 词：日本女性 参政权 三权分立 战后 影响因素 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]