铝合金基材表面耐磨性能强化研究现状  

Technological Advances in Strengthening the Surface Wear Resistance of Aluminum Alloys Substrate

作　　者：韩冰源[1,2] 高祥涵 杜文博 雷卫宁 李少松[3] 丛孟启 杭卫星 杜伟[1] 朱胜 HAN Bingyuan;GAO Xianghan;DU Wenbo;LEI Weining;LI Shaosong;CONG Mengqi;HANG Weixing;DU Wei;ZHU Sheng(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,Jiangsu,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Academy of Army Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;National Key Laboratory for Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院汽车与交通工程学院,江苏常州213001 [2]陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100072 [3]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第10期157-164,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191036);基础研究项目(JCKY61420051911)。

摘　　要：铝合金材料具有密度低、强度高、易加工等优点,已被广泛应用于汽车和航空航天等领域。为了延长铝合金零件在磨损、腐蚀等环境下的服役寿命,目前开发了众多先进的表面工程技术,实现了对铝合金基体的性能强化。基于此,本文综述了等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂、火焰喷涂、激光重熔、氩弧重熔、冷喷涂、电火花沉积、激光熔覆、微弧氧化等九种表面技术对铝合金处理以强化耐磨性能的研究工作。大量研究发现,这些表面技术均在一定程度上提高了铝合金基体的耐磨性能。例如,等离子喷涂涂层可有效减轻高温条件下基体的磨损,重熔技术制备的涂层比喷涂涂层具有更高硬度和更优异的耐磨性能,采用硬质颗粒的冷喷涂技术制备的涂层具有显著提高的显微硬度,电火花沉积技术制备的沉积层内部均匀分布着高强度枝蔓状的Si相,能够极大地减小基体的摩擦系数。同时,本文总结了以上技术的优缺点及适用范围。例如,热喷涂效率高但易造成热应力集中,导致涂层与基体之间的结合强度降低,氩弧重熔在低熔点和易蒸发的金属和合金上重熔困难,激光重熔可消除大部分孔隙及夹杂的氧化物,但设备成本较高。最后,本文从采用多种技术复合处理、优化涂层工艺参数、加强新技术研发等方面,对未来铝合金基材表面耐磨性能强化的研究方向进行了展望。Characterized by low density,high strength and easy processing,aluminum(Al)alloy materials have already been used in various industrial applications,including automobile,aerospace,etc.Many surface engineering technologies have been developed to tailor the properties of Al alloys for improving their service life in the wear and corrosion environment.Based on this,the research work of nine surface technologies such as plasma spraying,arc spraying,flame spraying,laser remelting,argon arc remelting,cold spraying,electric spark deposition,laser cladding,micro arc oxidation on aluminum alloy treatment to strengthen the wear resistance is summarized in this paper.Related works reported that these technologies improved the wear resistance of the Al alloy matrix to some extent.For example,plasma-sprayed coatings can effectively reduce substrate wear at high temperatures.The coating prepared by remelting technology has higher hardness and better wear resistance than the spray coating.The cold sprayed coatings using hard particles exhibit remarkably enhanced microhardness.In the deposits prepared by EDM,the uniformly distributed Si phases forming a tendril-like structure can greatly reduce the friction coefficient of the matrix,because they exhibit high strength.Meanwhile,this paper summarizes the merits and demerits of the mentioned technologies and their applicability.For instance,the thermal spray is efficient but easy to bring about thermal stress concentration,leading to a reduced bonding strength between coating and matrix.The argon arc remelting is inappropriate to tailor the low-melting-point evaporable metals and alloys.By comparison,laser remelting can diminish the porosity and oxide inclusions,but its equipment cost too much.Finally,this paper offers a prospect for strategies of compounding technology treatment,process optimization and new technology research&development to further improve wear resistance of Al alloys.

关 键 词：铝合金 表面工程 耐磨涂层 热喷涂 重熔 

分 类 号：TG17[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]