基于电镜观察的三伪尖毛虫(Oxytricha trifallax)成包囊过程研究  

Study on the encystment of Oxytricha trifallax(Ciliophora:Hypotrichia)based on electron microscopy observations

作　　者：林子钠 孙佳佳 范鑫鹏[1] 倪兵[1] LIN Zi-na;SUN Jia-jia;FAN Xin-peng;NI Bing(School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《电子显微学报》2023年第2期199-207,共9页Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.32170446);上海市自然科学基金资助项目(No.21ZR141900)。

摘　　要：纤毛虫原生动物在环境恶劣的条件下可形成包囊,待环境转好时又脱包囊变为营养体。目前,对不同纤毛虫细胞去分化规律的比较研究仍不足。本文利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对腹毛亚纲三伪尖毛虫(Oxytricha trifallax)形成包囊过程进行了观察,结果发现:纤毛器去分化起始于口纤毛器,波动膜先于口围带去分化,腹面体纤毛器则从缘棘毛开始去分化;背触毛在该过程中则发生再分化,裸毛基体长出纤毛杆;相比营养期,包囊期出现较多自噬泡且线粒体发生降解。比较不同腹毛亚纲纤毛虫成包囊过程中细胞分化特征发现,细胞是否发生扭转、背触毛是否再分化存在差异,这或能在一定程度上为腹毛类纤毛虫阶元间界定提供不同于经典分类特征的参考。Ciliated protists can form cysts under harsh environments and excyst into trophic cells when external environments become favorable.At present,the comparative studies of the dedifferentiation of different ciliates is still insufficient.In this paper,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the encystment of Oxytricha trifallax.It was found that the dedifferentiation of the ciliature began with the oral ciliature,the dedifferentiation of undulating membranes preceded that of adoral zone of membranelles,and the ventral ciliature began to dedifferentiate from the marginal cirri.During this process,the dorsal bristle unites started to redifferentiation with a new cilia growing from the previously barren kinetosome.Compared with the trophic cells,there were more autophagic vacuoles and degradating mitochondrial in the cyst.Comparing the cell differentiation characteristics during the encystment of different hypotrichous ciliates,it was found that there were differences in whether the cells are twisted and whether the dorsal kineties are re-differentiated.As different aspect from the classical classification features,such differences may provide a reference to a certain extent for taxa discrimination of hypotrichous ciliates.

关 键 词：三伪尖毛虫 成包囊 纤毛器 去分化 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q952.4[生物学—动物学] Q958.8Q336