菌土接种法在香蕉枯萎病苗期抗性评价中的应用及效果  

Application effects of pathogenic soil inoculation method on resistance evaluation to banana fusarium wilt at seedling stage

作　　者：周维[1] 韦莉萍[1] 黄素梅[1] 韦弟[1] 覃柳燕[1] 李佳林 田丹丹[1] 何章飞 李朝生[1] 韦绍龙[1] ZHOU Wei;WEI Li-ping;HUANG Su-mei;WEI Di;QIN Liu-yan;LI Jia-lin;TIAN Dan-dan;HE Zhang-fei;LI Chao-sheng;WEI Shao-long(Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Banana Branch of National Improvement Center for Tropical Fruit Variety/National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Improvement and Cultivation of Banana Varieties(Guangxi),Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所/国家热带果树品种改良中心广西香蕉分中心/香蕉品种遗传改良和栽培技术国家地方联合工程研究中心(广西),广西南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第1期150-157,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22036003-2,桂科AA20108005-2,桂科AA20302016-1);现代农业产业技术体系广西香蕉创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-16-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立一套稳定可靠且更符合自然条件下发病的香蕉枯萎病苗期抗性鉴定方法,为香蕉枯萎病抗性种质的筛选评价提供参考。【方法】以尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 4,Foc4)为供试病原菌,分别采用伤根淋菌接种法、浸根接种法及菌土接种法接种感病香蕉品种巴西蕉,比较分析不同处理种植基质中病原菌孢子浓度的动态变化及植株发病情况,优选最佳的接种方法。采用Foc4不同孢子浓度菌土接种抗、感种质材料,统计发病情况,比较抗性评价效果;应用菌土接种法对31份香蕉种质进行枯萎病苗期抗性鉴定,考察其评价效果。【结果】采用不同接种方法,巴西蕉杯苗种植基质中Foc4孢子浓度变化、发病率和病情指数存在较大差异,其中,采用菌土接种法,种植基质中Foc4孢子浓度稳定保持在原始接种浓度1.0×10^(6)~1.1×10^(6)个/g土;采用浸根接种法,种植基质中Foc4孢子浓度呈先升后降的变化趋势,并于21 d达最大值(1.0×10^(6)个/g土),28 d降至0.5×10^(6)个/g土,35 d后稳定在0.4×10^(6)个/g土;采用淋菌接种法,种植基质中Foc4孢子浓度在0~14 d内由1.5×10^(6)个/g土迅速下降至0.5×10^(6)个/g土,35 d后稳定在0.6×10^(6)个/g土。接种42 d后菌土接种法的蕉苗发病率及病情指数均最高,分别为98.9%和67.3,浸根接种法次之,分别为86.7%和51.6,淋菌接种法发病率及病情指数均最低,分别为76.7%和44.1。在Foc4孢子浓度为1.1×10^(4)、1.1×10^(5)、1.1×10^(6)个/g土条件下,采用菌土接种法的高感品种巴西蕉发病率均在80.0%以上,高抗种质GCTCV-119的发病率分别为16.7%、35.6%和54.4%。在孢子浓度为1.1×10^(4)个/g土条件下,巴西蕉及GCTCV-119外观发病症状均不明显;综合高感和高抗品种(系)的发病情况,菌土接种法Foc4孢子浓度宜在1.0×10^(5)~1.0×10^(6)个/g土。采用菌土接种法对31份香蕉种质进行抗性评价,【Objective】A stable and reliable method for the identification of banana resistance to fusarium wilt using pathogenic soil inoculation method at seedling stage was established in order to provide references for screening and evaluating banana germplasm resistant to fusarium wilt.【Method】By using Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense 4(Foc4)as the tested pathogen,the susceptible banana cultivar Baxi seedlings were inoculated using irrigation inoculation,root soaking inoculation and pathogenic soil inoculation method.And the best inoculation method was select by comparing and analyzing the dynamic changes of pathogenic spore concentration and the incidence of plant disease.The resistance evaluation effects of the resistant or susceptible germplasms through counting incidence of plant disease were studied by using pathogenic soil inoculation under different Foc4 spore concentrations.The resistances of 31 banana germplasms were identified at seedling stage by pathogenic soil inoculation in order to investigate its evaluation effect.【Result】The changes of Foc4 spore concentration of planting medium,incidence rate and disease index of Baxi banana seedlings were greatly different with different inoculation methods.When taking pathogenic soil inoculation method,the concentration of Foc4 spores in the planting substrate remained stable at the original inoculation concentration of 1.0×10^(6)-1.1×10^(6) spore/g soil throughout the experiment.With the root soaking inoculation method,the concentration of Foc4 spore in the planting substrate showed the change trend of increase first and then decrease;and Foc4 spore reached the maximum of 1.0×10^(6) spore/g soil at day 21,decreased to 0.5×10^(6) spore/g soil at day 28,and stabilized at 0.4×10^(6) spore/g soil at day 35.With the irrigation inoculation method,the concentration of Foc4 spore in the planting substrate decreased rapidly from 1.5×10^(6) spore/g soil to 0.5×10^(6) spores/g soil during 0-14 d,and stabilized at 0.6×10^(6) spores/g soil after 35 d.Furthermo

关 键 词：香蕉 枯萎病 菌土接种 苗期抗性评价 种质筛选 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]