养殖密度对凡纳滨对虾生长性能及其肠道消化酶和菌群结构的影响  

Effects of stocking density on the growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities and microflora structure of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：袁航 胡乃捷 陈俭 王红明 谭北平[1,2] 章双 YUAN Hang;HU Nai-jie;CHEN Jian;WANG Hong-ming;TAN Bei-ping;ZHANG Shuang(Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524088,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Livestock Feed in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产动物营养与饲料实验室,广东湛江524088 [2]农业农村部华南水产与畜禽饲料重点实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第1期289-302,共14页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900200);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072988);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515012325)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究养殖密度对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、肠道消化酶活性及肠道菌群结构的影响,为对虾养殖中密度的合理设置提供理论参考。【方法】设3个养殖密度(100、200和300尾/m3),分3个处理组在相同规格玻璃钢桶(0.3 m3)内饲喂初始体重为0.30±0.02 g的凡纳滨对虾,每处理组设3个重复,进行8周养殖试验后,分析其生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和菌群结构变化。【结果】养殖密度升高显著降低凡纳滨对虾的终末均重、增重率与特定生长率(P<0.05,下同),显著提高凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数与胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性。凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群中Alpha指数均随着养殖密度的升高而降低,其中Sobs、Chao1和Shannon指数在低、高密度组间差异显著,ACE和Pielou指数在低、中、高3组中均有显著差异。养殖密度的变化显著影响凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构。随着养殖密度升高,在门水平上,凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度显著升高,疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actionobacteria)和髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)丰度及厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)与拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)比值均显著降低;在科水平上,弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)、黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)、丹毒菌科(Erysipelotrichaceae)和胞菌科(Psychromonadaceae)丰度显著升高,红杆菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)和莫拉菌科(Moraxellaceae)丰度显著降低;在属水平上,弧菌属(Vibrio)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和海绵单胞菌属(Spongiimonas)丰度显著上升,象牙色运动单胞菌(Motilimonas)、鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)和浮霉状菌属(Planctomicrobium)丰度显著降低。Tax4fun功能预测表明,预测出的36类功能中,与碳水化合物代谢(Carbohydrate metabolism)、膜运输(Membrane transport)、氨基酸代谢(Amino acid metabolism)、信号转导(Signal transduction)、辅助因子和维生素代谢(Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins)、能量【Objective】To investigate the effects of stocking density on the growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora structure of Litopenaeus vannamei.It could provide theoretical reference for the reasonable setting of medium density in L.vannamei aquaculture.【Method】Three stocking densities(100,200 and 300 tails/m³)were set up.L.vannamei with an initial body weight of 0.30±0.02 g were fed using the same feed in the same size fiberglass drums(0.3 m³)for 8 weeks.At the end of the experiment,the growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora were analyzed.Three replicates were set upfor each treatment group.【Result】The increase of stocking density significantly reduced the final mean weight,weight gain and specific growth rate(P<0.05,the same below),but significantly increased the feed coefficient and digestive enzyme activities includingtrypsin,lipase and amylase of L.vannamei.The alpha indexes in the intestinal microflora of L.vannamei decreased with the increase of culture density.The observed_species(Sobs),Chao1 and Shannon indexes were significantly different between low and high density groups,and significant differences in ACE and Pielou indexes among low,medium and high density groups were found.The change of culture density significantly affected the intestinal microflora structure of L.vannamei.At the phylum level,the abundance of Proteobacteria significantly increased,while the abundance of Verrucomicrobia,Plantomycetes,Actionobacteria,Patencibacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides significantly decreased.At the family level,the abundance of Vibrionaceae,Flavobacteriaceae,Erysipelotrichaceae and Psychromonadaceae significantly increased,while the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Moraxellaceae significantly decreased.At the genus level,the abundance of Vibrio,Acinetobacter and Spongiomonas increased significantly,while the abundance of Motilimonas,Ruegeria and Planctomicrobium decreased significantly.Tax4fun func

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 养殖密度 生长性能 消化酶活性 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]