玉米大豆间作对土壤真菌群落和作物生产力的影响  

Effects of maize-soybean intercropping on soil fungal communities and crop productivity

作　　者：王兵兵 李光文 马琨[1,2] 刘文娟[1] 何亚玲 姜琴芳 米扬 Wang Bingbing;Li Guangven;Ma Kun;Liu Wenjuan;He Yaling;Jiang Qinfang;Mi Yang(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Northwest Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2023年第1期6-14,21,共10页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660132);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF03002,2019BBF03011)。

摘　　要：为阐明间作栽培对作物生产力和土壤真菌群落组成及其多样性的影响机制,通过田间试验研究单作玉米(M)、单作大豆(S)和玉米||大豆(间作,MS)对作物干物质积累及产量的影响。利用高通量测序手段,分析不同处理土壤真菌群落组成及其多样性间的差异,阐明驱动土壤真菌群落组成及其多样性变化的土壤因子。结果表明:与单作相比,玉米||大豆提高了玉米干物质积累量,但降低了大豆干物质积累量,间作玉米具有产量优势。在玉米||大豆下,0~10 cm土层赤霉菌属(Gibberella)和核瑚菌属(Typhula)真菌为优势属,所占比例为40.75%~52.53%;粪锈伞科-未分类(Bolbitiaceae-U)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)真菌在11~20 cm土层为优势属,所占比例为34.65%~77.16%。与单作玉米相比,玉米||大豆降低了赤霉菌属、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)和核瑚菌属的相对丰度,显著提高了粪锈伞科-未分类的相对丰度。玉米||大豆下,随土层深度增加土壤真菌群落的ACE指数显著降低;与单作玉米相比,玉米||大豆极显著降低了11~20 cm土层土壤真菌Chao1和ACE指数。RDA分析表明,土壤总碳(TC)和碳氮比(C/N)是驱动0~10 cm土层土壤真菌群落组成及其Alpha多样性变化的主要因子;而在11~20 cm土层,土壤真菌群落组成及其Alpha多样性的变化主要受土壤碱解氮(AN)的影响。间作提高了玉米生产力,影响了土壤真菌群落组成;TC、C/N和AN是引起土壤真菌群落组成及其Alpha多样性变化的主要因子。To elucidate the mechanisms of intercropping on crop productivity and soil fungal community composition and diversity,field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of monoculture maize(M),monoculture soybean(S)and intercropping maize and soybean(MS)on crop dry matter accumulation and yield.High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the differences among soil fungal community composition and diversity,and to investigate the soil factors driving the changes in them.The results show that compared with monoculture,maize-soybean intercropping increased maize dry matter accumulation but decreased soybean dry matter accumulation,which also resulted in the yield advantages of maize.The composition and the relative abundance of soil fungal communities lay in 0~10 cm soil layer,and the dominant fungal genus of Gibberella and Typhula were 40.75%to 52.53%.However,Bolbitiaceae-Unidentified,Altemaria and Cladosporium were dominant in ll~20 cm soil layer,accounting for 34.65%to 77.16%.Compared with M,the relative abundance of the Gibberellat Fusarium and Cladosporium were obviously decreased,and Bolbitiaceae-Unidentified increased in MS.The ACE index of soil fungal communities greatly decreased with the increase of soil depth in MS,and compared with M,the Chaol and ACE index both significantly decreased in ll~20 cm soil layer in MS.The result of Redundancy Analysis(RDA)show that the total carbon(TC)and the ratio of carbon and notrogen(C/N)were the main driving factors for the change of fungal alpha diversity and the communities composition in 0~10 cm soil layer,but the change of them in 11-20 cm soil layer were mainly caused by soil available nitrogen(AN).The intercropping improves maize productivity and influences soil fungal communities,and the fungal alpha diversity and the communities composition were mainly influenced by the TC,C/N and AN.

关 键 词：玉米||大豆 高通量测序 真菌群落 多样性 土壤因子 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]