不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土上升毛管水运动特性——以叶尔羌河灌区为例  

Capillary water movement characteristics in loamy sand under different water levels:A case study in the Yarkant River Irrigation Area of Xinjiang Province,China

作　　者：陈永宝 胡顺军[2] 张书杰 裴明松 张巧丽 CHEN Yongbao;HU Shunjun;ZHANG Shujie;PEI Mingsong;ZHANG Qiaoli(Hubei Institute of Metallurgical Geology(Central South Institute of Metallurgical Geology),Yichang 443003,Hubei,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academic of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北冶金地质研究所(中南冶金地质研究所),湖北宜昌443003 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2023年第3期373-380,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中南冶金地质研究所创新基金(2021002);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900801);新疆水利科技专项资金项目(XSKJ-2021-05)。

摘　　要：以叶尔羌河灌区为研究区域,采用垂直土柱试验模拟的方法,研究不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土上升毛管水的运动特性。结果表明:毛管水补给速率随时间推移呈降低趋势,明显分为快速下降、线性递减和稳定补给3个阶段;毛管水上升高度及上升速率均与时间之间呈幂函数关系;不同河渠水位条件下壤砂土毛管水补给量与毛管水上升高度呈正比关系,其斜率在数值上等于湿润区土壤平均含水率与初始含水率之差,改进Green Ampt模型可描述毛管水补给量与毛管水上升高度之间的线性关系;毛管水补给速率与毛管水上升高度的倒数呈线性关系。研究成果可为干旱区河渠两岸生态保护植物的恢复和重建及土壤盐渍化的防治提供理论依据。River canal leakage is the main mode of surface water replenishment to soil water for desert riverbank ecological protection,plant water absorption,and utilization.It is also an important cause of soil salinization during increased groundwater level periods.Therefore,studying the movement of groundwater and soil moisture under the condition of canal leakage recharge in arid areas can be crucial not only for constructing a benign ecological circulation system dominated by water environment,but also for preventing soil salinization.This study used laboratory simulation experiment to analyze the capillary water movement characteristics in loamy sand under different water levels in Yarkant River irrigation area.Results showed a decreasing trend in the capillary water supply rate,which could be subdivided into three stages,including rapid decrease,linear decrease,and stable-state,while the average stable recharge rate 0.02 mm·min^(-1) was detected.The rising height of capillary water and rising rate both had parabola relationships with the recharge time.Validation of the linear relationship between capillary water recharge and rising height of capillary water under different canal water levels revealed that the slope(B) was equal to the difference between the mean soil water content(θmean) and initial water content(θi),while B values under different canal water levels ranged from 0.3155 to 0.4046 cm^(3)·cm^(-3),with a mean value of 0.3695 cm^(3)·cm^(-3).A linear correlation was detected between capillary water supply rate and the reciprocal value of rising height of capillary water.The improved Green-Ampt model could successfully be used to simulate capillary water rise process in a homogeneous loamy sand.Overall,these results could potentially provide clues for studying the restoration and reconstruction of ecologically protected plants in canals,and for the prevention of soil salinization in arid areas.

关 键 词：毛管水 毛管水累计补给量 毛管水上升高度 河渠水位 壤砂土 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]