闭式循环氦气轮机技术特点研究及应用前景展望  

Research on Technical Characteristics of Closed Cycle Helium Turbine and Its Application Prospect

作　　者：伍赛特 WU Saite

机构地区：[1]上海汽车集团股份有限公司,上海200438

出　　处：《科技创新与应用》2023年第15期10-16,21,共8页Technology Innovation and Application

摘　　要：该文介绍常规热力发动机的定义与分类,并由此引入外燃机与广义上的内燃机的技术区别,归纳现有主流热力发动机及其遵循的热力循环。其中,燃气轮机是一类在发电、航空及舰船动力等领域得到广泛应用的热力涡轮机械,其与汽轮机相比有着其独到的技术优势。但在核动力领域,为确保安全性,多采用闭式循环燃气轮机。与常规的开式循环燃气轮机不同,闭式循环燃气轮机并不属于广义上的内燃机,其采用外部加热方式,并且有着更好的燃料适应性,在工质的选择上,也曾有过多种方案。与二氧化碳及氮气等气体相比,氦气具有较好的热物理性质,以其作为工质的氦气轮机同样得到业界重视。目前,氦气轮机多作为高温气冷堆的发电主机。随着相关技术的发展,除核电产业之外,高温气冷堆与氦气轮机有望应用于舰船动力等其他领域。This paper introduces the definition and classification of conventional thermal engines,elaborates the technical differences between external combustion engines and internal combustion engines in a broad sense,and summarizes the existing mainstream thermal engines and their thermal cycles.Among them,gas turbine is a kind of thermal turbine machinery which is widely used in the fields of power generation,aviation and ship power.Compared with steam turbine,gas turbine has its unique technical advantages.However,in the field of nuclear power,closed cycle gas turbines are often used to ensure safety.Different from the conventional open cycle gas turbine,the closed cycle gas turbine does not belong to the internal combustion engine in a broad sense,it adopts external heating mode,and has better fuel adapt ability,and there have been many schemes in the selection of working fluid.Compared with carbon dioxide,nitrogen and other gases,helium has better thermo physical properties,and the helium turbine with helium as the working fluid has also been paid attention to by the industry.At present,helium turbine is mostly used as the main engine of high temperature gas-cooled reactor.With the development of related technology,in addition to the nuclear power industry,high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and helium turbine are expected to be used in warship power and other fields.

关 键 词：氦气轮机 闭式循环 燃气轮机 汽轮机 内燃机 外燃机 高温气冷堆 

分 类 号：TK471[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]