巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山短穗柽柳分布区水分特征及其水文指示意义  

Water characteristics and hydrological significance of Tamarix laxa distribution in the Mega Dune of Badain Jaran Desert

作　　者：张进虎 牛震敏 马曙光 孙杰[3] 王乃昂[3] ZHANG Jinhu;NIU Zhenmin;MA Shuguang;SUN Jie;WANG Nai’ang(Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education),Qinghai Normal University,Xining Qinghai 810008;Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process,College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining Qinghai 810008;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Center for Glacier and Desert Research,Scientific Observing Station for Desert and Glacier,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,People’s Government of Qinghai and Beijing Normal University,Xining Qinghai 810008)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学地理学科学院青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院/兰州大学冰川与沙漠研究中心,甘肃兰州730000 [4]青海省人民政府北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《首都师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期53-59,共7页Journal of Capital Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871021);青海省创新平台建设专项青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室项目(2020-ZJ-Y06)。

摘　　要：巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群及其补给来源是热点研究问题。沙山是联系大气降水和湖泊水的纽带,研究其水文特征可加深认识区域湖泊水循环,而植物分布对沙山水文特征具有重要的指示意义。本文以短穗柽柳(Tamarix laxa)所在的高大沙山背风坡土壤为研究对象,采用烘干法测定了短穗柽柳分布区土壤含水量,分析了其时空变化特征,探讨其对高大沙山水文特征的指示意义。结果显示:短穗柽柳分布区土壤剖面按其水分特征可划分为水分速变层(0~60 cm)、水分活跃层(60~120 cm)及水分相对稳定层(120~200 cm),含水量随深度增加呈减小趋势,速变层平均含水量为1.69%,显著高于其他2层;95.83%短穗柽柳分布区含水量处于0.50%~3.00%,且观测最大值为4.88%,均小于沙山田间持水量(5.00%),说明短穗柽柳分布区难以存在重力水,指示高大沙山背风坡降水难以形成重力水快速下渗补给湖泊水;短穗柽柳的“乔木化”生长特征及其特殊的分布位置,不仅有利于其根叶繁殖,还有利于对水分的储存和保持,维持着短穗柽柳的生存和发展。Lake Group of Badain Jaran Desert and the recharge sources are hot issues in the academic community.The Mega Dune links the atmospheric precipitation and the lake water.Studying its hydrological characteristics could deepen the understanding of regional lake water cycle,while the plant distribution is an important indicator of the hydrological characteristics of the Mega Dune.This paper took the Tamarix laxa as the research object,measured the water content by drying method,analysed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the water content,then explored the indicative significance to the hydrological characteristics of the Mega Dune.The results showed:the soil profile of Tamarix laxa distribution area can be divided into moisture rapid change layer(0 to 60 cm),moisture active layer(60 to 120 cm)and moisture relatively stable layer(120 to 200 cm)according to its moisture characteristics,and the moisture content tends to decrease with increasing depth,and the average moisture content of rapid change layer is 1.69%,which is significantly higher than the other two layers.The water content of the distribution area is 95.83%in the range of 0.50%to 3.00%and the observed maximum value was 4.88%,all of them are less than the field water capacity(5.00%),which indicated that it was difficult to form gravity water in the Tamarix laxa distribution area at the leeward slope of the Mega Dune,but also indicated that the precipitation is difficult to quickly infiltrate to replenish lake water as gravity water for the leeward slope of the Mega Dune.The“arborization”growth characteristics of Tamarix laxa and its special distribution position are not only conducive to its root tiller propagation,but also to the storage and maintenance of water,which maintains its survival and development.

关 键 词：高大沙山 短穗柽柳 水分特征 巴丹吉林沙漠 

分 类 号：P933[天文地球—自然地理学]