黑潮影响热带气旋强度的统计分析  

Statistical Analysis of Influence of the Kuroshio on Intensity of Tropical Cyclone

作　　者：董茹月 许士斌 黄菲 樊婷婷[4] 赵振驰 Dong Ruyue;Xu Shibin;Huang Fei;Fan Tingting;Zhao Zhenchi(College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;The Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;School of Mathematical and Physics,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心,山东青岛266100 [4]青岛科技大学数理学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期17-29,共13页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41975061)资助。

摘　　要：本文利用东京台风中心(Tokyo-Typhoon Center)发布的热带气旋(Tropical cyclone,TC)best-tracks资料,统计了1979—2019年经过黑潮关键区热带气旋的强度变化特征,并进一步分析了其中的物理机制。统计结果显示,黑潮对不同强度TC的加热效果不同,整体而言,TC外缘靠近黑潮关键区至TC中心进入关键区阶段,TC风速显著增强;TC中心进入关键区后,风速数值的分布范围较集中,黑潮暖水对TC风速的影响与TC当前强度有关,强度较弱的TC风速增强,而强度较强TC的风速下限略增大但其风速均值减小。黑潮暖水通过增加海表面的热通量,造成低层水汽辐合,对流层中层湿度增大,水汽上升至高空释放凝结潜热增多,导致TC暖心增强,垂直速度增大,对流增强,从而增强TC强度。TC暖心变化较低层水汽通量的变化滞后约12 h,导致TC中心移出关键区后强度不会迅速减弱。Based on RSMC Tokyo-Typhoon Center best-tracks data of tropical cyclones,the intensity variation statistical characteristics of tropical cyclones(TC)passed through the Kuroshio key region from 1979 to 2019 were analyzed,and the physical mechanism was further analyzed.The statistical results show that from the stage when the outer edge of TC is close to the Kuroshio key region to the stage when the center of TC is in the Kuroshio key region,he TC wind speed increases significantly;When the TC center moved into the Kuroshio key region,the wind speed distribution was more concentrated,and the wind speed change was related to the current TC intensity.The wind speed of the weak TC increased,while the minimum wind speed of the intense TC increased,but its mean wind speed decreased.The Kuroshio intensifies tropical cyclones mainly by increasing the heat flux at the lower sea surface which the latent heat flux plays a more significant role;the convergence of water vapor flux at the lower troposphere with the increase of humidity in the middle troposphere,and the increase of latent heat of condensation released by water vapor rising to the upper troposphere which leads to the enhancement of TC warm core and vertical convection,thus enhancing the TC intensity.In addition,the change of TC warm core was followed by the change of water vapor flux in the lower layer for about 12 h,therefore the intensity of TC would not weaken rapidly immediately after moving out of the Kuroshio key region.

关 键 词：黑潮 热带气旋强度 非绝热加热 统计分析 

分 类 号：P732.3[天文地球—海洋科学]