盐害和干旱影响水稻根系形态生理和产量形成及其机制研究进展  

Research Progresses on the Mechanism of Salinity and Drought Affecting Root Morpho-physiology and Yield Formation of Rice

作　　者：朱旺 张徐彬 耿孝宇 陈英龙 戴其根 周桂生 韦还和 孟天瑶 ZHU Wang;ZHANG Xubin;GENG Xiaoyu;CHEN Yinglong;DAI Qigen;ZHOU Guisheng;WEI Huanhe;MENG Tianyao(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Grain Crop Modern Industrial Technology Collaborative Innovation Center/Rice Industry Engineering Technology Research Institute,Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development/Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety for Ministry of Education and Yangzhou University,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学农业科技发展研究院/扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第3期34-40,45,共8页China Rice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001466,31901448);国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0113400);中国博士后基金面上项目(2020M671628,2020M671629);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022304,BE2022305);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：我国正大力开发利用沿海滩涂发展水稻生产,但受限于淡水资源和水利基础设施,在生产过程中盐害和干旱往往交织出现,极易遭受盐-旱复合胁迫,严重制约了沿海滩涂水稻高产稳产目标的实现。根系是植物感受盐害和干旱逆境的首要器官,也是最主要和最直接的受害部位。全面理解盐害、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻根系形态、生理的影响及其与稻谷产量形成的内在关联,可为沿海滩涂水稻高产栽培提供科学支撑。本文概述了盐害、干旱和盐-旱复合胁迫对水稻根系形态结构、生理活性和产量形成的影响,从渗透调节、离子平衡、光合作用、抗氧化酶系统和内源激素等方面阐述其影响水稻根系生长发育和产量形成的作用机制,探讨了缓解水稻盐害、干旱胁迫的调控措施,最后对下一步深入开展盐-旱复合胁迫对水稻根系生长和产量形成的研究提出建议。At present,China is vigorously developing and utilizing coastal beaches to promote rice production.The rice production along the coastal beach is limited by freshwater resources and water conservancy infrastructure,which resulted in salinity-drought combined stress and seriously restricts the realization of the goal of a high and stable yield of rice in coastal beaches.The root system is the primary organ for plants to perceive salinity damage and drought stress,which is also the most important and direct damaged part.A comprehensive understanding of the effects of salinity damage,drought stress,and their combined stress on rice root morphology and physiology and their internal relationship with yield formation can provide scientific support for high-yield rice cultivation in coastal beaches.This paper summarized the effects of salinity damage,drought stress,and their combined stress on the morphological structure,physiological activity,and yield formation of rice roots,expounded the mechanism of their effects on rice root growth and yield formation from the aspects of osmotic regulation,ion balance,photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme system,and endogenous hormones,and discussed the regulatory measures to alleviate rice salinity damage and drought stress.Finally,some suggestions were put forward for further research on the effects of salinity-drought combined stress on rice root growth and yield formation in the future.

关 键 词：水稻 盐胁迫 干旱胁迫 复合胁迫 根系 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]