水稻根际土壤解磷细菌筛选及其解磷机制研究  

Screening of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria from Rice Rhizosphere Soil and Its Mechanism of Phosphorus Solubilizing

作　　者：潘林 弥春霞[1] 徐青山 魏倩倩 孔亚丽 朱练峰[2] 田文昊 金千瑜[2] 张均华[2] 朱春权 PAN Lin;MI ChunXia;XU Qingshan;WEI Qianqian;KONG Yali;ZHU Lianfeng;TIAN Wenhao;JIN Qianyu;ZHANG Junhua;ZHU Chunquan(Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157011,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding/China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China;Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院,黑龙江牡丹江157011 [2]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,杭州310006 [3]安徽大学,合肥230601

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第3期51-55,61,共6页China Rice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901452,31872857,31771733);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02063-3)。

摘　　要：解磷细菌通过提高植物根际有效磷的含量提高植物对磷的吸收利用,是重要的农业微生物资源。本文通过筛选和鉴定得到甲壳虫WSH-0021细菌(Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021)和阿氏芽孢杆菌(Priestia aryabhattai)2个菌株。甲壳虫WSH-0021细菌和阿氏芽孢杆菌分别在培养12 h和8 h进入对数生长期,并且2种细菌进入对数生长期后均显著降低培养液的pH值。用无机和有机磷细菌解磷能力鉴定液体培养基分别培养甲壳虫WSH-0021细菌和阿氏芽孢杆菌,培养基中有效磷含量分别较对照提升了392.78%和1799.02%。将2种细菌分别接种至土样1(低磷土壤)和土样2(高磷土壤)后培养30 d,以单纯添加细菌培养基的土样作为对照,结果显示,土样1和土样2中的细菌丰度和微生物量磷含量均显著增加,说明细菌在土壤中存活并发挥作用。接种甲壳虫WSH-0021细菌后,土样1和土样2中的有效磷含量分别增加了21.15%和11.66%;接种阿氏芽孢杆菌后,土样1和土样2中的有效磷含量分别增加了13.68%和12.07%。进一步研究发现,接种解磷细菌后2个土样的pH值均显著降低,而土壤酸性磷酸酶活性提高,说明解磷细菌通过调控土壤pH值和酸性磷酸酶活性释放土壤中的固定态磷。本实验筛选的2种细菌均具有较好的解磷能力,在农业生产中有较强的应用潜力与价值。Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria are important agricultural microbial resources,which can improve the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by increasing the content of available phosphorus in the plant rhizosphere.Two strains of bacteria named Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021 and Priestia aryabhattai were obtained after screening and identification.The bacteria of Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021 and Priestia aryabhattai were entered the logarithmic growth period at the 12th and 8th hours of culture,respectively,and both of them significantly reduced the pH value.The Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021 and Priestia aryabhattai were cultured in liquid medium for identification of phosphorus solubilizing capacity of inorganic and organophosphorus bacteria,and the content of available phosphorus in the medium was increased by 391.78%and 1799.02%respectively compared with control.These two kinds of bacteria were incubated in soil sample 1(low phosphorus soil)and soil sample 2(normal phosphorus soil)for 30 days,the soil sample which only applied bacterial culture medium consider as control.The results showed that the bacterial abundance and microbial biomass phosphorus content of soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 were significantly increased,indicating that bacteria survived and played a role in the soil.After applied Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021,the available phosphorus content in soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 both increased by 21.15%and 11.66%,respectively.After applied Priestia aryabhattai,the available phosphorus content in soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 increased by 13.68%and 12.07%.Further research found that the pH value of the two soil samples both decreased significantly after applied the bacteria,and the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased,indicating that the two bacteria release fixed phosphorus in the soil by regulating soil pH value and acid phosphatase activity.The two bacteria screened in this experiment have a well phosphorus solubilization ability and have strong application potential and value in agric

关 键 词：水稻 解磷细菌 甲壳虫WSH-0021细菌 阿氏芽孢杆菌 解磷能力 pH 酸性磷酸酶 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]