广东省近40年常规水稻审定品种特性分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics of Approved Conventional Rice Varieties in Guangdong Province in the Past 40 Years

作　　者：潘阳阳 黄道强[1] 王重荣[1] 王志东[1] 李宏[1] 周德贵[1] 陈宜波[1] 赵雷 龚蓉 周少川[1] PAN Yangyang;HUANG Daoqiang;WANG Chongrong;WANG Zhidong;LI Hong;ZHOU Degui;CHEN Yibo;ZHAO Lei;GONG Rong;ZHOU Shaochuan(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第3期74-79,共6页China Rice

基　　金：广东省农业科学院创新基金项目(202101);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室重大科技研究专项“广适性丝苗型优质稻的分子设计育种体系研究与新品种创制”(NT2021001);广东省农业科学院新兴学科团队建设项目(202111TD);广东省重点实验室运行费(2020B1212060047)。

摘　　要：广东省常规水稻育种具有辉煌的历史,近40年(1982—2021年)共通过审定359个常规稻品种。本研究将这40年分为8个时期,对各时期审定品种的特性进行统计分析。结果表明,平均单产由5313.0 kg/hm^(2)稳步提升至6882.2 kg/hm^(2);平均株高逐渐增加,有效穗数明显下降,穗长和穗粒数明显提高,结实率和千粒重未明显改变;直链淀粉含量由26.1%下降至16.5%;审定品种总体优质率75.2%,近3年(2019—2021年)审定品种的优质率达85.2%,其中国标1级优质稻占比达39.5%;稻瘟病中抗及以上品种占比85.8%,白叶枯中抗及以上品种占比44.0%;通过审定的359个品种来源于406个亲本,其中有8个亲本直接衍生10个以上品种,黄广油占和五山丝苗分别衍生25个和21个品种,而这8个亲本均衍生自当前我国籼稻育种中重要骨干亲本丰八占;推广面积超过6.67万hm^(2)的品种共55个,其中12个品种超过66.67万hm^(2),黄华占和双桂1号推广面积均在333.33万hm^(2)以上。The conventional rice breeding has a glorious history in Guangdong province.In the past 40 years(1982-2021)in Guangdong province,359 conventional rice varieties have been approved.In this study,the 40 years were divided into 8 periods,and the characteristics of the varieties in each period were statistically analyzed.The results showed that the yield improved from 5313.0 kg/hm^(2) to 6882.2 kg/hm^(2).The average plant height of rice increased gradually,the average effective panicle number decreased significantly,the panicle length and the filled grains per panicle increased significantly,while the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight were not markedly changed.The amylose content decreased from 26.1%to 16.5%,the overall high-quality rate of the approved varieties reached 75.2%,and the high-quality rate of the approved varieties in the past three years(2019—2021)reached 85.2%,of which the first-grade high-quality rice accounted for 39.5%.The proportion of varieties with medial and above resistant to rice blast and bacterial blight was 85.8%and 44.0%,respectively.The parentage analysis shower that the approved 359 varieties are derived from 406 parents,of which 8 parents directly derive more than 10 rice varieties,25 and 21 varieties were generated from Huangguangyouzhan and Wushansimiao,respectively.The 8 parents are all derived from Fengbazhan,an important backbone parent in the indica rice breeding in China.There were 55 varieties with a promotion area of more than 66,700 hm^(2),of which 12 varieties were more than 666,700 hm^(2).Huanghuazhan and Shuanggui 1 had a promotion area of more than 3,333,300 hm^(2).

关 键 词：常规水稻 优质稻 审定品种 品种特性 广东省 

分 类 号：S511.03[农业科学—作物学]