小麦远源杂交种光合性状的杂种优势分析  

Heterosis Analysis of Photosynthetic Characters of Wheat Distant Hybrids

作　　者：赵小光[1] 翟周平[1] 尚毅[1] 柴靓[2] 赵鹏涛[1] ZHAO Xiao-guang;ZHAI Zhou-ping;SHANG Yi;CHAI Liang;ZHAO Peng-tao(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,China;Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第3期1-6,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划“通过远缘杂交创制小麦新种质资源”(2022NY-188)。

摘　　要：为阐明小麦远缘杂种的光合性状杂种优势,以六倍体小麦为母本,四倍体小麦为父本进行远缘杂交,在小麦灌浆期测定了2个亲本和杂交种的光合气体交换参数、光合相关性状和不同光照强度、不同CO_(2)浓度、1日内不同时间净光合速率,并进一步分析了各性状的杂种优势。结果表明,小麦杂交种净光合速率的中亲优势为正,超亲优势为负,气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率为正向杂种优势,胞间CO_(2)浓度为负向杂种优势;叶绿素浓度为负向杂种优势,而旗叶面积、总叶面积、叶面积指数、干物质积累量均为正向杂种优势;光量子效率为负向杂种优势,暗呼吸速率、光补偿点、光饱和点均为正向杂种优势;羧化效率为正向杂种优势,而CO_(2)补偿点和CO_(2)饱和点为负向杂种优势;净光合速率的中亲优势在1日内均为正向杂种优势,而超亲优势在1日内均为负向杂种优势。综上所述,远缘杂交可以提高小麦种质资源对环境的适应性,提高光能利用率,通过高光效育种结合传统选育的手段,提高小麦的抗逆性和产量。In order to expound the heterosis of photosynthetic characters of wheat distant hybrid,hexaploid wheat was used as the female parent and tetraploid wheat as the male parent to carry out the distant hybridization.The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters,photosynthetic related characters and net photosynthetic rate of the parents and hybrids under different light,different CO_(2) concentration and different time in a day were measured at the filling stage,and the heterosis of each character was analyzed.The results showed that the mid-parent heterosis of net photosynthetic rate was positive,the over-parent heterosis was negative,the stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and water use efficiency were positive heterosis,and the intercellular CO_(2) concentration was negative heterosis.Chlorophyll concentration was negative heterosis,while flag leaf area,total leaf area,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were positive heterosis.Photon efficiency was negative heterosis,and dark respiration rate,light compensation point and light saturation point were positive heterosis.Carboxylation efficiency was positive heterosis,while CO_(2) compensation point and CO_(2) saturation point were negative heterosis.The mid-parent heterosis of net photosynthetic rate was positive heterosis within one day,while the over-parent heterosis was negative heterosis within one day.Therefore,distant hybridization could improve the adaptability of wheat germplasm resources to the environment,and improve the utilization rate of light energy.Through high light efficiency breeding combined with traditional breeding methods,the stress resistance and yield of wheat can be improved.

关 键 词：远缘杂交 光合作用 性状 杂种优势 中亲优势 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]