汉江王甫洲库区伊乐藻综合治理措施效用分析  

Effectiveness of comprehensive control measures of Elodea canadensis in Wangfuzhou Reservoir area on Hanjaing River

作　　者：单敏尔 刘鑫 周银军[1] 李志晶[1] 郭超 SHAN Min′er;LIU Xin;ZHOU Yinjun;LI Zhijing;GUO Chao(River Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Changjiang Waterway Institute of Planning and Design,Wuhan 430040,China;Changjiang Waterway Survey and Design Institute(Wuhan)Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430040,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江航道规划设计研究院,湖北武汉430040 [3]长江航道勘察设计院(武汉)有限公司,湖北武汉430040

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第5期106-111,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省青年拔尖人才培养计划;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CKSF2021530/HL,CKSF2021743/HL);国家自然科学基金项目(41906149)。

摘　　要：为评估生境逆改造和生态调度相结合的方式对治理汉江王甫洲库区伊乐藻灾害的有效性,建立了研究区间的二维水动力模型,提出了水动力提升率这一概念,从典型断面、流场等方面对生境逆改造效果进行了定量分析,并对生境逆改造后的生态调度流量和方案进行了讨论。结果表明:①生境逆改造后断面特征点的总体水深增加达1.31 m,流速分布更加均匀,静水点个数显著减少。②改造后研究区间在枯水流量时水动力提升率最大,为44.55%,洪水流量时提升最小,为26.77%,周期提升率为35.59%。③生境逆改造之后的生态调度峰值流量调整为613.72 m^(3)/s时,即可达到现有调度方案短时增至1100 m^(3)/s时的水动力提升效果,一次生态调度相较于现有调度方案可节约丹江口水库水量4.2亿m^(3),且相同最小流量下水动力提升率达17.2%。In order to analyze the effectiveness of combined measures of habitat reverse reforming and ecological operation to controlling the Elodea canadensis disaster in the Wangfuzhou Reservoir area on Hanjiang River,this paper established a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the study interval based on the actual measurement,and proposed the concept of hydrodynamic improvement rate.We quantitatively analyzed the effect of habitat reforming in terms of typical section and flow field,and discussed the ecological flow and regulation scheme after habitat reforming.The results show that:①After the habitat reforming,the overall water depth of the characteristic points at cross-sections increased by 1.31 m,the flow velocity distribution was more uniform,and the numbers of still water points were significantly reduced.②The largest hydrodynamic improvement rate of the research interval after reforming was in dry water flow(44.55%),and the smallest was in flood flow(26.77%),and the periodic improvement rate was 35.59%.③The peak ecological flow after the habitat reforming could be reduced to 613.72 m^(3)/s,which had an equivalent hydrodynamic improvement effect with the existing dispatching scheme of 1100 m^(3)/s of short-term water discharge.Based on this,one time ecological dispatching can save 420 million m^(3) water volume of Danjiangkou Reservoir compared with the existing dispatching scheme,and the hydrodynamic improvement rate could reach17.2%under the same minimum flow rate.

关 键 词：伊乐藻 生境逆改造 生态调度 水动力提升率 王甫洲库区 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]