在高铅渣还原冶炼中替代石灰石熔剂实现石膏污泥的利用与解毒  

Utilization and detoxification of gypsum sludge by replacing limestone in reduction smelting of high lead slag

作　　者：阮博文 焦芬 刘维 潘祖超 覃文庆 RUAN Bo-wen;JIAO Fen;LIU Wei;PAN Zu-chao;QIN Wen-qing(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China

出　　处：《Journal of Central South University》2023年第4期1145-1157,共13页中南大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Project(2020YFC1909203) supported by the National Key R&D Project of China;Project(51874356) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China;Project(2018TP1002) supported by the Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficiency Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, China。

摘　　要：石膏污泥是有色冶炼行业产生的一种危险固体废弃物,对环境造成了巨大的挑战。为探究用石膏污泥替代石灰石进行冶炼造渣的可行性,通过热力学计算和实验研究了石膏污泥以及冶炼条件对高铅渣还原熔炼的影响。结果表明:石膏污泥中的硫酸钙会消耗还原剂并硫化金属氧化物,需控制其配入量。最有利于有价金属综合回收的条件是:钙硅比0.8、碳粉用量3.5 wt%、硫酸钙与氧化钙摩尔比1:5、还原温度1200℃,还原时间1.5 h。在此条件下铅直收率为94.43%,锌直收率为58.43%。还原渣毒性浸出结果表明,铅、锌、砷、镉重金属离子的浸出毒性均低于国家危险废弃物标准。Gypsum sludge refers to a hazardous solid waste produced by the non-ferrous smelting industry,and its disposal and utilization are environmentally challenging.To investigate the feasibility of replacing limestone with gypsum sludge for smelting slagging,the effect of gypsum sludge and smelting conditions on high lead slag reduction smelting was studied through thermodynamic calculation and experiments.It was found that calcium sulfate in the gypsum sludge consumed the reducing agent and vulcanized the metal oxide,thus,controlling its dosage was necessary.The optimal conditions for comprehensive recovery of valuable metals were as follows:calcium silicon mass ratio,dosage of carbon powder,mole ratio of calcium sulfate to calcium oxide,smelting temperature,and holding time were 0.8,3.5 wt%,1꞉5,1200℃,and 1.5 h,respectively.The direct recovery of lead and zinc under these conditions was 94.43% and 58.43% respectively.Meanwhile,toxicity leaching experiment of sulfuric acid and nitric acid method indicated that the collaborative melting process stabilized the reduced slag.

关 键 词：高铅渣 石膏污泥 硫酸钙 熔池熔炼 金属分布 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]