乾嘉考据家的文学观念与文集编纂--从孙星衍、袁枚考据词章之争谈起  

The Literary Ideas and the Compilation of Collected Works about the Textual Scholars in Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods:Starting From the Dispute of Textual Research and Literature Between Sun Xingyan and Yuan Mei

作　　者：谢海林 XIE Hai-lin(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期139-149,共11页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“历代别集编纂及其文学观念研究”(项目编号:21&ZD254)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乾隆五十一年向诗坛盟主袁枚宣告“避君才笔去研经”,标志着孙星衍由天才诗人向考据学者的身份转变,但此前已有类似转向。乾隆五十九年两人的论争,掀起了一场道与器、学问与词章之关系的大论战。相较以袁枚为首的文学家,以孙星衍为代表的考据家同样表达出激进而突破传统的文学观念:主张考据词章可以兼顾,强调诗文根柢于学问,重视论学述学体的古文。考据之文大量入集,在文集编纂上呈现出带有乾嘉学术这一时代印记的著述化特征。乾嘉文集著述化,伴随乾嘉学术盛衰而兴替,道咸以后略显颓势,并被文集经世化所接续,这映射出清人文集编纂适时性的宏观特征。In the Fifty-first years of Qianlong’s reign,he shunned Yuan Mei’s brilliant pen and told Yuan,the chief poet of the Qing dynasty,which marked Sun Xingyan’s transformation from a talented poet to an textual scholar,but there had been a similar shift before.Eight years later,the dispute caused a great controversy on the relationship between Dao(道)and Qi(器),textual research and literature.Compared to the poets led by Yuan Mei,the scholars represented by Sun Xingyan also expressed a radical and iconoclastic literary idea:they advocated the fusion of textual research and literature,emphasized that poetry and prose were based on knowledge,and respected the academics prose.The textual research prose had been heavily collected,which showed academic characteristics in the Qianlong and Jiaqing period.It followed with the rise and fall of scholarship,began to decline in the Daoguang and Xianfeng periods,and be replaced by the characteristic of humanistic pragmatism,which just reflected the macro-characteristics of the collected works in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：孙星衍 袁枚 考据 词章 文集 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]