明清女性的疾痛审美及社会文化意义  

The Aesthetic and Socio-Cultural Significance of Women’s Illness and Pain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张娜娜 ZHANG Na-na(Jiangnan Culture Research Institute,Jiangnan University,Wuxi Jiangsu 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学江南文化研究院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期150-161,共12页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“多伦多大学馆藏怀履光档案研究”(项目编号:19VJX025);2022年度无锡史、江南文化与大运河文化研究项目“大运河与明清江苏女性的文化生活研究”(项目编号:JUSRP122082)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：疾病蕴含着丰富的社会文化内涵,经由病人的解释、叙说完成。明清女性在文化传统、社会礼仪、公众期待等因素作用下,构建了属于她们的“疾病”空间。具体而言,疾病催生其审美和创作的潜能,疾病之殇化作文学艺术化的“意趣”之物,彰显了善病工愁的“闺阁风流”。这种闲赏品味疾病的方式,暗含着书写的疗愈功能。一方面,她们视诗歌为具有“悬置”与“净化”功效,驱除疢疾的灵药;另一方面,她们以病骨锻造诗骨,在奇险或清恬的诗境中缓释疾痛。此外,疾痛的语言亦诠释着广泛的社会意义。她们将婚姻生活和道德规训转化为关于身体障碍的话语,晚清的医疗卫生观念、强国保种之说亦成为病体的生理感觉,昭示着疾病书写模式的转换及新旧文化的裂变。Disease has a rich social and cultural connotation,which is achieved through the patient’s interpretation and narrative.Under the influence of cultural tradition,social etiquette,public expectation,and other factors,women in the Ming and Qing dynasties constructed their own“disease”space.More specifically,illness stimulated their aesthetic and creative potential,and the pain of illness became a kind of literary and artistic“interest”in their poetry,highlighting the“talented and romantic”of the ladies.This way of treating illness as an aesthetic object to be enjoyed and tasted contained the healing function of writing.On the one hand,they regarded poetry as a medicine with the effects of“suspension”and“purification”.On the other hand,they changed the style of poetic creation in their illness,relieving the pain of illness in the strange and dangerous or peaceful poetic conception.In addition,the language of illness and pain also interpreted a wide range of social meanings.They translated married life and moral discipline into the discourse of physical disorders,the reform ideas,medical and health concepts,and the theory of strengthening the country and protecting the species in the late Qing Dynasty also became the feeling and physiological needs of the body,and showed the new mode of writing about illness,as well as the inheritance and division of the new and old cultures.

关 键 词：明清女性 疾痛审美 社会文化 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]