重刑化与轻刑化并存立法例下的刑法适用  

The Application of Criminal Law under the Co-existence Tendency of Heavy Punishment and Light Punishment within One System

作　　者：张明楷[1] ZHANG Mingkai(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《法学论坛》2023年第3期38-49,共12页Legal Forum

摘　　要：1997年修订时的刑法分则条文,大体上以重刑主义作为指导理念设置法定刑,《刑法修正案(八)》之后的刑事立法,对增设的许多新罪则采取了轻刑主义,于是形成了重刑化与轻刑化并存的立法例;这种立法例导致对部分刑事案件被告人的处罚要么很轻要么很重,因而不符合罪刑均衡的要求。为了克服这种不均衡现象,一方面应当寻找合适的中间犯罪,即通过对已有犯罪构造的合理解释,使交通肇事、重大责任事故、重大劳动安全事故等罪包括单纯的过失犯与结果加重犯两种类型;另一方面应当运用适当的解释方法,即通过对轻罪的扩大解释(使轻罪的适用范围向较重的行为扩张)与对重罪的限制解释,寻求妥当的解释结论,尽可能实现对犯罪处罚的整体均衡。When the specific provisions of the Criminal Law were amended in 1997, the legislator generally set the statutory punishment with the doctrine of heavy punishment as the guiding idea. However, since the amendments made to the Criminal Law after the Amendment VIII, the legislator adopted the doctrine of light punishment for many newly added crimes, thus forming the co-existence tendency of heavy punishment and light punishment within one system. This tendency of legislation leads to the punishment for some of the accused in certain criminal cases is either very light or very heavy, which does not meet the requirements of the balance between crime and punishment. In order to overcome this unbalanced phenomenon, on the one hand, we should find a suitable intermediate crime, through the reasonable explanation of the existing criminal legislation structure, make the crime of traffic accidents, the crime of major liability accidents, the crime of major labor safety accidents and other relevant crimes include two categories, that is, the pure negligence crime and the result-aggravated crime. On the other hand, we should use appropriate interpretation skills and methods, that is, by expanding the interpretation of misdemeanors(making the scope of application of misdemeanors expand to heavier acts) and limiting the interpretation of felonies, to seek appropriate interpretation conclusions and achieve the overall balance between the crime and punishment as far as possible.

关 键 词：重刑化 轻刑化 罪刑均衡 扩大解释 限制解释 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]