太行山区猪苓林下半人工栽培技术探析及其采收年限初探  

Analysis of Semi-artificial Cultivation Techniques on Polyporus umbellatus under Forest in Taihang Mountain and Preliminary Study on Its Harvest Period

作　　者：刘国库 陈靳松 路宁宁 刘莉 杨萌 杨太新[1] 王艳辉[4] LIU Guo-ku;CHEN Jin-song;LU Ning-ning;LIU Li;YANG Meng;YANG Tai-xin;WANG Yan-hui(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Hebei Agricultural Enviromental protection&Monitoring Main Station,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000,China;Management Training Center,Jibei Electric Power Co.Ltd.,Beijing 102401,China;College of Life Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农业环境保护监测总站,河北石家庄050000 [3]国网冀北电力有限公司管理培训中心,北京102401 [4]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《时珍国医国药》2023年第3期681-685,共5页Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research

基　　金：河北省中药材产业技术体系创新团队项目(HBCT2018060202);河北农业大学引进人才科研项目(YJ2020060);太行山农业创新驿站涞源猪苓研究项目(1717048)。

摘　　要：目的探究不同环境因素和辅助措施对林下猪苓生长的影响,明确不同生长年限猪苓的质量差异,为猪苓仿野生规范种植技术提供理论依据。方法采用半人工栽培法测试海拔、时间、坡度等环境因素和伴栽物比例、栽植穴规格等辅助措施对猪苓和蜜环菌接菌率的影响,并分析不同年限猪苓的产量和质量差异。结果在海拔1300 m处猪苓接菌率最高40.10%;在当年5月份种植的猪苓接菌率最高53.30%;在坡度为30°~40°的场地猪苓接菌率最高73.67%;不掰断的苓种接菌率最高63.67%;栽植穴规格为45 cm×20 cm时猪苓接菌率可达73.00%;以1∶3混合的腐殖土和湿树叶作为伴栽物可使猪苓接菌率提高到88.67%。此外,不同年限猪苓的单穴干重以4年生的最高2.04kg;麦角甾醇积累量以4年生的最高0.31kg/穴;猪苓粗多糖、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无机元素、氨基酸等含量均以4年生或3.5年生最高。结论选择合适的环境因素外加适当的辅助措施可促进猪苓与蜜环菌共同生长,其采收年限以3.5~4.0年为宜,研究结果为太行山猪苓的规范化仿野生种植提供理论依据。Objective To explore the influence of different environmental factors and auxiliary measures on the growth of Polyporus umbellatus under the forest,and to clarify the quality difference of Polyporus umbellatus with different growth years,so as to provide theoretical basis for the standardized cultivation technology of Polyporus umbellatus imitating wild.Methods Semi-artificial cultivation method was used to test the influence of environmental factors such as altitude,time and slope,the proportion of accompanying plants and the specifications of planting holes on the inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea,and to analyze the difference of yield and quality of Polyporus umbellatus in different years.Results The highest inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus was 40.10%at 1300 m above sea level.The highest inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus planted in May of that year was 53.30%;The highest inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus was 73.67%in the slope of 30°~40°;The inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus seeds without breaking off was the highest(63.67%);When the planting hole size is 45 cm×20 cm,the inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus can reach 73.00%;The inoculation rate of Polyporus umbellatus can be increased to 88.67%by using 1:3 mixed humus soil and wet leaves as companion plants.In addition,the dry weight of Polyporus umbellatus in different years is the highest of 2.04kg;in 4 years.The accumulation of ergosterol was 0.31kg/hole,the highest in 4 years.The contents of crude polysaccharide,crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat,inorganic elements and amino acids in Polyporus umbellatus are the highest in 4-year-old or 3.5-year-old.Conclusion Choosing appropriate environmental factors and appropriate auxiliary measures can promote the co-growth of Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea,and its harvest period is 3.5~4 years.The research results provide theoretical basis for standardized wild-like cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus.

关 键 词：猪苓 环境因素 辅助措施 不同年限 产量质量 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]