20世纪中期美国大都市区通勤危机与寻求联邦政府援助的尝试  

The Commuter Crisis in Metropolitann Areas of United States and the Attempts to Seek Federal Assistance during the Mid-20th Century

作　　者：宋晨 SONG Chen

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,030006

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2023年第1期104-111,204,共9页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目“新帝国视野下的英属北美城市研究”(2020WO19)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着20世纪美国卡车运输业的兴起,美国铁路运输业受到重创。1958年美国《交通法》的颁布使铁路行业开始获得联邦政府的资金援助。然而,该法“中止铁路客运”的条款却使东北部大都市区的通勤铁路业务相继中断,从而引发了“通勤危机”。危机对纽约大都市区民众的日常通勤影响最大,但纽约州政府的应对措施却无法有效化解危机。在以费城市长为首的美国主要市政领导和铁路公司共同努力下,到50年代末,寻求联邦政府援助城市公交系统的共识和动议已初步形成,为60年代联邦公交立法的通过奠定了重要基础。With the rise of trucking in the United States in the 20th century,the American railroad industry was hit hard.The 1958 Transportation Act of the United States allowed the railroad industry to receive financial assistance from the federal government.However,the"discontinuance of railway passenger service"clause of the law interrupted the commuter railway business in the Northeast metropolitan areas,resulting in a"commuter railroad crisis".The crisis had the greatest impact on the daily commuting of people in the New York metropolitan area,but the responsee measures of the New York state government could not effectively resolve the crisis.With the joint efforts of U.S.railway companiess and major municipal leaders led by Mayor of Philadelphia,by the end of the 1950s,a consensusand initiative to seek federal government assistance for the urban public transportation system had been preliminarily formed,which laid the important foundation for the adoption of federal mass transit legislation in the 1960s.

关 键 词：1958年《交通法》 通勤铁路危机 城市公共交通 联邦援助 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.29[经济管理—产业经济] F517.12