无果而终:英国威尔逊政府在印度洋的核部署计划(1964—1968)  

Wither on the Vine:The British Wilson Administration's Nuclear Deployment Plan in the Indian Ocean(1964-1968)

作　　者：田地 TIAN Di

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2023年第1期124-132,204,194,共11页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：20世纪60年代中后期,鉴于印度对英国的战略价值,以威尔逊为首的工党政府致力于“保卫”印度。1964年中国成功进行核试验后,应印度政府的核保护请求,威尔逊提出在印度洋部署“北极星”导弹核潜艇的计划,以阻止南亚的核扩散危机,维持英国在远东的独立核威慑力量。然而,经过长达四年的内部讨论和与美印等国的协商,该计划最终未能成行。其原因在于英国政府内部各部门的反对、英美印三国不同的利益诉求和英国国力的衰弱。核部署计划是威尔逊政府企图保留苏伊士运河以东军事影响力的最后一搏,其失败标志着英国从苏伊士运河以东的撤退不可避免。In the middle and late 1960s,in view of the important strategic value of India to Britain,the Labor Party government headed by Wilson devoted itself t"odefending"India.After China successfully conducted a nuclear test in 1964,at the request of the Indian government for nuclear protection,Wilson put forward the plan of deploying the Polaris missile nuclear submarine in the Indian Ocean.Stopping the nuclear proliferation crisis in South Asia and Europe and maintaining Britain's independent nuclear deterrent were the main reasons for Wilson to launch this plan.However,after four years of internal discussions and consultations with the United States,India and other countries,the plan finally failed to take place.The reason lay in the opposition of various departments within the British government,the different interests of Britain,America and India,and the weakness of the British national power.The nuclear deployment plan was the Wilson government's last attempt to retain the military influence east of Suez.The failure of this plan indicated that Britain's withdrawal from the east of Suez was inevitable.

关 键 词：威尔逊 核部署 印度 “北极星” 

分 类 号：K561.5[历史地理—历史学] D815.2[历史地理—世界史] D756.1[政治法律—国际关系]