6288例儿保门诊婴幼儿发育商水平及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of developmental quotient level and its influencing factors of 6288 infants in child health outpatient

作　　者：张玉婷 叶静萍[1] 刘芳[1] 刘宏[1] 汪春红[2] 姚宝珍[1] ZHANG Yuting;YE Jingping;LIU Fang;LIU Hong;WANG Chunhong;YAO Baozhen(Dept.of Pediatrics,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,Hubei,China;School of Public Health,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院儿科,湖北武汉430060 [2]武汉大学公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（医学版）》2023年第4期452-456,共5页Medical Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：武汉大学医学腾飞计划之神经科学疾病与功能协同创新研究平台(编号:TFLC2018001)。

摘　　要：目的:了解儿童保健(儿保)门诊婴幼儿的发育商水平及其影响因素,为婴幼儿的干预指导提供一定的科学依据。方法:回顾性收集2018年1月至2020年4月在武汉大学人民医院儿保门诊就诊,并首次经小儿神经心理发育检查表评估的0~3岁婴幼儿的发育商资料,进行比较分析。结果:共纳入婴幼儿6288例,男婴3657名,女婴2631名;早产儿1277例,足月儿4983例,过期产儿28例。足月产婴幼儿各月龄总发育商(DQ)均高于早产儿组。早产组DQ异常率达39.6%,DQ评估结果中正常、聪明及优秀的比例显著低于足月胎龄组(P<0.05)。早产儿直至24月龄时才达到同龄足月儿的发育水平,且女婴早产儿追上足月儿的速度显著快于男婴早产儿(P<0.05)。孕次、产次和体检月龄是DQ异常的高危因素,胎龄、性别、出生体质量、体检身高以及体检体质量是DQ异常的保护因素。结论:儿保门诊婴幼儿的DQ水平差别较大,早产儿直至24月龄时才达到同龄足月儿的发育水平,女婴早产儿追赶速度快于男婴早产儿。早产、性别、母亲孕次/产次、出生体质量以及体检身高/体质量是DQ异常的影响因素。加强早产儿的随访管理,积极促进生长发育,对改善其神经心理发育有一定意义。Objective:To explore the developmental quotient level and its factors in child health outpatient,and to provide scientific basis for infant intervention and guidance.Methods:The data of developmental quotient(DQ)and related influencing factors of infants aged 0-3 years who were assessed by the children neuropsychological development checklist from January 2018 to April 2020 in the children's health outpatient,were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 6288 cases were included(3657 males and 2631 females)and 1277 of the cases were premature infants.The abnormal DQ rate in the premature group reached 39.6%,and the proportion of normal,intelligent,and excellent infants in the DQ assessment results was significantly lower than that in the full-term gestational age group(P<0.05).The catch-up growth of preterm infants did not reach the developmental level of full-term infants at the same age until 24 months of age.Preterm girls had a faster catch-up speed than boys.The number of pregnancies/births and the month of physical examination were the high risk factors for DQ abnormality.Gestational age,gender,birth weight,physical examination height,and weight were the protective factors for DQ abnormality.Conclusion:Premature,male infants,number of pregnancies/births,birth weight,and height/weight of physical examination were factors influencing DQ.Preterm girls have a faster catch-up speed than boys in DQ.Strengthening the follow-up and management of the preterm children is significance for improving their neuropsychological development.

关 键 词：发育商 神经心理发育 婴幼儿 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]