禽白血病髓细胞样瘤细胞的鉴别与误诊分析  

Differential diagnosis and misdiagnosis analysis of myeloid leukemia cells in avian leukemia

作　　者：何书海[1,2] 张晒 邢一科 成子强 HE Shuhai;ZHANG Shai;XING Yike;CHENG Ziqiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shandong Agriculture University,Tai′an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳农林学院动物科技学院,河南信阳464000 [2]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2023年第4期687-692,共6页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：信阳农林学院家禽重大疫病防控科技创新团队资助项目(2022CXTD06);2023年度河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)资助项目(232102111043)。

摘　　要：J亚型禽白血病病毒(subtype J avian leukemia virus,ALV-J)诱导的髓细胞样瘤细胞在形态上与正常髓系细胞很相似,为明确两者的形态差异和减少对禽髓细胞性白血病的误诊,对ALV-J人工感染病例和自然感染病例中的髓细胞样瘤细胞的形态特征进行了系统观察,并将其与正常鸡髓系细胞进行了鉴别和分析。结果表明,ALV-J感染鸡的血液、肝脏、脾脏和法氏囊等器官中髓细胞样瘤细胞主要是含有粗大嗜酸颗粒的中幼粒细胞和晚幼粒细胞,胞核约占细胞体积的1/2,胞核偏在、未分叶,可见病理核分裂象,其在石蜡组织切片中直径为8~10μm,在血涂片中直径12~14μm;正常幼龄鸡的肝脏、肾脏、法氏囊等器官中也有数量不等的晚幼粒细胞,这些细胞在形态上与髓细胞样瘤细胞很相似,胞浆中含有较多细小的嗜酸颗粒,但细胞体积较小,核浆比小,胞核约占细胞体积的1/3;其在石蜡组织切片中直径为5~8μm,血涂片中未见。研究结果提示,临床中应依据细胞大小、核型以及胞浆成分等特征对髓细胞样瘤细胞进行鉴别,同时应结合病毒核酸检测结果来确诊J亚型禽白血病。Myeloid leukemia cells induced by subtype J avian leukemia virus(ALV-J)are very similar to normal myeloid cells in morphology.In order to clarify the morphological differences between avian myeloid leukemia cells and normal myeloid cells and reduce the misdiagnosis of avian myeloid leukemia,the morphological characteristics of myeloid leukemia cells were systematically observed by using artificial ALV-J infection cases and natural infection cases,and they were differentiated from normal chicken myeloid cells.The results showed that the myeloid leukemia cells in the blood,liver,spleen and bursa of Fabricius of ALV-J-infected chickens were mainly myelocyte and metagranulocyte containing coarse eosinophils,the nucleus accounts for about 1/2of the cell volume,nucleus lies in the side of the central and not lobulated,and pathological mitotic images can be seen,the diameter of cells in paraffin tissue sections were about 8-10μm but were about 12-14μm in the blood smear.The liver,kidney,bursa of Fabricius and other organs of normal chicks also have varying numbers of metagranulocyte containing tiny eosinophils.These cells were very similar to myeloid leukemia cells in morphology,but their volume was small and the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was small,the nucleus accounted for about 1/3of the cell volume.Their diameter of cells in paraffin tissue section were about 5-8μm,not seen in the blood smear.The results suggested that myeloid leukemia cells should be identified according to the characteristics of cell size,karyotype and cytoplasmic composition.Meanwhile,the virus nucleic acid test results should be combined to determine whether it is subgroup J avian leukemia.

关 键 词：禽白血病 J亚群禽白血病 髓细胞样瘤细胞 鉴别 误诊 

分 类 号：S851.38[农业科学—预防兽医学]