明代浑仪天常赤道环刻度之疑与析  

Questions and Analysis of the Celestial Equator Ring Calibration of the Ming Dynasty Armillary Sphere

作　　者：张瑶[1] 王学志 ZHANG Yao;WANG Xuezhi(China Science and Technology Museum,Bejing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术馆,北京100101

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2023年第1期106-114,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学技术馆2019年科研项目“中国古代青铜天文仪器(简仪)外形数据测量建模研究”(项目编号:KYXM-B-2019-06)。

摘　　要：关于紫金山天文台现存明代浑仪,过去学者在论著中往往将它的天常赤道环刻度与明代简仪百刻环刻度混同一谈。2021年,中国科技馆在利用激光三维扫描技术获取的外形数据等比例仿制青铜浑仪的过程中,发现明代浑仪天常赤道环的刻度并非简仪的百刻分划,与我们所知的唐宋元时期的十二辰刻制均不相吻合。笔者经多方考证分析,推测明代浑仪天常赤道环上的百刻分度应是某个历史时期在浑仪上使用过的特殊计时方法,这种特殊的十二辰刻制对于考证明代浑仪的原型究属哪个历史时期具有重要参考价值。As for the armillary sphere of the Ming Dynasty housed in the Purple Mountain Observatory, scholars have often confused the scale of its celestial equatorial ring with that of the abridged armilla of the same period. In 2021, the Science and Technology Museum of China used the contour data obtained by 3D laser scanning technology to replicate the bronze armillary sphere in equal proportions. During that process it was found that the scale of its celestial equatorial ring was not the same as the one of the abridged armilla, which was not consistent with the known 12 two-hour periods system of the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties. After multiple textual analysis, the author speculates that the 100-period system engraved on the celestial equator ring of the armillary sphere should be a special timing method used on armillary spheres during a certain historical period. The special method has reference value for textual research on the exact historical period of the armillary sphere of the Ming Dynasty under question.

关 键 词：百刻制 十二辰刻制 浑仪 简仪 天常赤道环 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-092[天文地球—天文学]