核辐射危害及核辐射屏蔽材料研究现状  

Hazards of nuclear radiation and research progress in radiation shielding materials

作　　者：蔡永成 刘学宇 蔡永军[1] 何林[1] CAI Yongcheng;LIU Xueyu;CAI Yongjun;HE Lin(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang Sichuan 621907,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,四川绵阳621907

出　　处：《粉末冶金工业》2023年第2期96-102,共7页Powder Metallurgy Industry

摘　　要：针对核辐射种类及其危害进行了分析,提出核辐射屏蔽设计的主要任务是屏蔽中子和γ射线。同时,针对核辐射屏蔽材料的国内外研究现状进行了综述,分析了现有中子和γ射线综合屏蔽材料存在的主要问题,认为屏蔽材料综合屏蔽功能与其他性能之间的矛盾是其需要解决的关键问题。最后,预测了今后辐射屏蔽材料的研究方向,指出结构(力学性能、耐热性等)-功能(中子和γ射线综合屏蔽功能)一体化辐射屏蔽材料的研发与应用是未来一大发展方向。The types and hazards of nuclear radiation are introduced in this paper.It is proposed that the main task for the nuclear shielding design is shielding neutron andγ-ray.Meanwhile,the research status of nuclear radiation shielding materials at home and abroad are summarized in detail.The principal problems for the current compre‐hensive neutron andγ-ray shielding materials are discussed.The conflict between shielding effectiveness and other performances needs to be settled.The research on radiation shielding materials is prospected.It is pointed out that the development of structure(mechanical performance,heat resistant stability and etc)-function(neutron andγ-ray shielding properties)integration radiation shielding materials is the future developing trend.

关 键 词：核辐射 屏蔽材料 屏蔽混凝土 硼钢 铅硼聚乙烯 B4C/Al复合材料 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]