甜瓜枯萎病病原菌鉴定及高效低毒化学防治农药筛选  

Pathogen Identification of Muskmelon of Fusarium Wilt and Chemical Fungicides Screening With High Efficiency and Low Toxicity

作　　者：蔺秀婷 杜茜[2] 路杨[2] 隋丽[2] 张正坤 李启云[1,2] LIN Xiuting;DU Qian;LU Yang;SUI Li;ZHANG Zhengkun;LI Qiyun(College of Life Sciences,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118;Institute of Plant Protection,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology,Changchun,Jilin 130033)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学生命科学学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,吉林省农业微生物重点实验室,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第8期9-16,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：吉林省基本科研经费资助项目(KYJF2021JQ005)。

摘　　要：以吉林省甜瓜枯萎病重度发生区域采集的发病果实为试材,采用组织分离法对其病原菌进行分离,同时利用形态学和分子生物学鉴定,以及科赫氏法则进行致病性验证;并通过菌丝生长速率法测定了8种生产中常用的化学药剂原药对该致病菌的毒力作用,研究了高效低毒化学农药对甜瓜枯萎病室内防治效果,以期为利用高效低毒化学农药田间防治甜瓜枯萎病提供参考依据。结果表明:拟轮枝镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides)是吉林省甜瓜枯萎病的一种新的致病菌,供试的8种化学药剂中咪鲜胺对F.verticillioides XT1的抑制作用最好,毒力作用最强,EC50值为0.029 5μg·mL^(-1),其次为戊唑醇和氟硅唑,其EC50值分别为0.146 7μg·mL^(-1)和0.190 1μg·mL^(-1);咪鲜胺、戊唑醇和氟硅唑的最小抑菌药物稀释浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)值分别为0.048、1.2μg·mL^(-1)和0.8μg·mL^(-1);咪鲜胺、戊唑醇和氟硅唑的实际药物稀释最小杀菌浓度(mininal bactericidal concentration, MBC)分别为0.052、1.6μg·mL^(-1)和0.8μg·mL^(-1)。室内防治试验表明,当咪鲜胺浓度为0.144μg·mL^(-1)时,甜瓜枯萎病的防治效果为82.88%。Taking symptomatic fruits of a serious muskmelon Fusarium wilt(FWM)in fields as material,the pathogen was isolated by tissue separation,and identified via morphological and molecular methods.The pathogenicity of the identified pathogen was verified by Koch′s rule.In addition,the antifungal activity of eight kinds of chemical agents commonly used against the pthogen in production were detected by mycelium growth rate method indoor,in order to provide help for FWM control in field using highly effective and low-toxic chemical pesticides.The results showed that Fusarium verticillioides was identified as a novel causing agent of FWM in Jilin Province,and the prochloraz gave highest inhibitory activities against F.verticillioides among eight tested chemical agents,which EC50 was 0.0295μg·mL^(-1),and the which of the tebuconazole and flusilazole were 0.1467μg·mL^(-1) and 0.1901μg·mL^(-1),respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentration of prochloraz,tebuconazole and flusilazole were 0.048μg·mL^(-1),1.2μg·mL^(-1) and 0.8μg·mL^(-1),respectively.The mininal bactericidal concentration of prochloraz,tebuconazole and flusilazole were 0.052μg·mL^(-1),1.6μg·mL^(-1) and 0.8μg·mL^(-1),respectively.The results of indoor control effects indicated that at the concentration of 0.144μg·mL^(-1),prochloraz indicated the highest control efficiency of 82.88%against FWM.

关 键 词：拟轮枝镰刀菌 甜瓜枯萎病 化学农药 防治效果 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]