基于侵入试验的单齿破岩机理及齿形优化研究  

Study on Rock Fragmentation Mechanism under Single Tooth andShape Optimization by Indentation Test

作　　者：马洪素[1,2] 殷丽君 王春萍[1,2] 陈亮[1,2] 赵星光 Ma Hongsu;Yin Lijun;Wang Chunping;Chen Liang;Zhao Xingguang(Division of Environmental Engineering,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,P.R.China;CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste,Beijing 100029,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 1000124,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院环境工程研究所,北京100029 [2]国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心,北京100029 [3]北京工业大学城市防灾与减灾教育部重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《地下空间与工程学报》2023年第2期495-503,共9页Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering

基　　金：核设施退役治理专项资助科研项目(科工二司[2020]194号)。

摘　　要：齿形是影响镶齿滚刀破岩效率的关键因素。本文通过单齿侵入破岩试验对4种刀齿(镐形齿、锥形齿、楔形齿和球形齿)的破岩机理及硬岩破岩齿形优化等相关问题进行探讨,研究不同齿形侵入岩体过程中的破岩特征、加载力侵深曲线特征以及对侵深、破碎体积、破碎坑半径、破岩岩屑分布特征的影响规律。通过分形理论评估破岩效果,从而达到优化齿形及加载力的目的。结果表明:随加载力增大,齿形对侵深、破碎体积、破碎坑半径等破岩效果指标的影响差异随之增大;破碎岩屑在粒度上具有分形特征,通过破碎分形维数并结合破碎体积等指标可以评估破碎效果,优化齿形及加载力;针对花岗岩类岩石,镐形齿所获得的破碎分形维数最低,破碎体积、破碎坑半径、侵深最大,可优选为花岗岩类硬岩中镶齿滚刀的齿形,并推荐100 kN为镐形齿优化加载力。Tooth shape is one of the key parameters influencing fragmentation efficiency of the toothed cutter.In this paper,the indentation tests of picked tooth,conical tooth,wedge tooth as well as spherical tooth were conducted,and then the issues on fragmentation mechanism by different teeth and optimization of tooth shape were investigated.The influence of tooth shape and loading force on the characteristics of loading force-penetration curve,penetration depth,fragments volume,radius of the fragmentation crater as well as the distribution characteristics of fragments were discussed.Then,the fragmentation fractal theory was adopted to optimize the tooth shape and loading force.The research results show that:with the increase of loading force,the influence of tooth shape on rock fragmentation indicators such as penetration depth,fragments volume and fragmentation crater radius increases accordingly;the fragments present fractal characteristics in particle size,and the fragmentation effect can be evaluated by combining the fragmentation fractal dimension with the fragments volume and other indicators;for granite rocks,the fragmentation fractal dimension induced by the picked tooth is the lowest,and the fragments volume,fragmentation crater radius and penetration depth are the largest,thus the pick tooth is suggested to be used for excavation of hard rocks,and 100 kN is selected as the optimized loading force.

关 键 词：破岩机理 侵入试验 破碎分形维数 齿型优化 花岗岩 

分 类 号：TU452[建筑科学—岩土工程]