干旱胁迫下药用大黄根部药效成分及根际土壤微生物变化规律及其相互作用机制研究  

Variation and interaction mechanism between active components in Rheum officinale and rhizosphere soil microorganisms under drought stress

作　　者：谢丰璞 王楠[1] 高静[2] 张岗[2] 宋忠兴[1] 李媛媛[1,2] 张亚丽 王多一 李瑞 刘咪咪 唐志书 XIE Feng-pu;WANG Nan;GAO Jing;ZHANG Gang;SONG Zhong-xing;LI Yuan-yuan;ZHANG Ya-li;WANG Duo-yi;LI Rui;LIU Mi-mi;TANG Zhi-shu(State Key Laboratory of Research&Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources(Cultivation),Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi&Education Ministry,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712083,China;Key Laboratory for Research of"Qin Medicine"of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,College of Pharmacy,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xi'an 712046,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学,陕西中药资源产业化省部共建协同创新中心,秦药特色资源研究与开发国家重点实验室(培育),陕西咸阳712083 [2]陕西中医药大学药学院,陕西省中医药管理局"秦药"研发重点实验室,陕西西安712046 [3]中国中医科学院,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第6期1498-1509,共12页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81973430);陕西省教育厅协同创新中心项目(20JY013);陕西省重点产业创新链项目(2021ZDLSF04-01);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);2022年陕西省林业科技推广示范项目(TG[2022]10-3)。

摘　　要：为探讨植物在水分亏缺下土壤微生态环境、次生代谢产物含量的变化规律以及两者相互作用的反应机制,以三叶期药用大黄为研究对象,采用盆栽控水实验,对不同干旱梯度(正常供水、轻度、中度、重度干旱)下大黄的响应机制进行研究。结果表明:不同干旱胁迫水平下药用大黄根部黄酮类、酚类、萜类以及生物碱类化合物含量变化明显,轻度干旱胁迫下大黄药效成分含量较高,其根部芦丁、大黄素、没食子酸、(+)-儿茶素含量显著升高,重度干旱胁迫下芦丁、大黄素、没食子酸含量显著低于正常供水。种植药用大黄的根际土壤中细菌数目、多样性、丰富度和优势度指数均显著高于空白土壤,随干旱程度加剧,大黄根际土壤微生物物种数目、丰富度指数降低。水分亏缺下蓝藻菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门以及链霉菌属、放线菌属等是药用大黄根际的优势菌群。药用大黄根部芦丁、大黄素相对含量与蓝藻菌门、厚壁菌门相对丰度呈正相关,(+)-儿茶素、(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯相对含量与拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门相对丰度呈正相关。综上所述,适当的干旱胁迫能从生理诱导和增加与有益微生物之间的联系2个方面,提高药用大黄根部次生代谢产物含量。To explore the changes and the reaction mechanisms between soil microecological environment and the content of secon-dary metabolites of plants under water deficit,this study carried out a pot experiment on the 3-leaf stage seedlings of Rheum officinale to analyze their response mechanism under different drought gradients(normal water supply,mild,moderate,and severe drought).The results indicated that the content of flavonoids,phenols,terpenoids,and alkaloids in the root of R.officinale varied greatly under drought stresses.Under mild drought stress,the content of substances mentioned above was comparatively high,and the content of rutin,emodin,gallic acid,and(+)-catechin hydrate in the root significantly increased.The content of rutin,emodin,and gallic acid under severe drought stress was significantly lower than that under normal water supply.The number of species,Shannon diversity index,richness index,and Simpson index of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in blank soil,and the number of microbial species and richness index decreased significantly with the aggravation of drought stresses.In the context of water deficit,Cyanophyta,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Gemmatimonadetes,Streptomyces,and Actinomyces were the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere of R.officinale.The relative content of rutin and emodin in the root of R.officinale was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Cyanophyta and Firmicutes,and the relative content of(+)-catechin hydrate and(-)-epicatechin gallate was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.In conclusion,appropriate drought stress can increase the content of secondary metabolites of R.officinale from physiological induction and the increase in the association with beneficial microbe.

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 次生代谢产物 微生物多样性 功能分布 优势菌群 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]