提升超疏水材料力学耐久性的研究进展  

Progress in improving the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic materials

作　　者：赵亚梅[1] 霍梦丹 曹婷婷 丁思奇 陈丽 ZHAO Yamei;HUO Mengdan;CAO Tingting;DING Siqi;CHEN Li(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi'an Polytechnic University,Xi'an 710060,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,西安710060

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2023年第4期2004-2014,共11页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22008187);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021107009035);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022 JQ-558)。

摘　　要：超疏水材料因其独特的润湿性被广泛应用于防污防腐、水下减阻及油水分离等众多领域。然而,大多数超疏水材料在受到外界机械磨损后,容易造成其表面的微观结构塌陷或者低表面能物质消耗,而影响或丧失超疏水性能。通过对表面润湿模型的分析,阐明了两条增强超疏水材料力学耐久性的主体思路,并介绍了超疏水材料力学耐久性的典型测试方法及其特点;其次,基于国内外研究现状和发展趋势的分析与梳理,归纳了4种提升超疏水材料力学耐久性的策略,分别为设计微纳米多级粗糙结构、引入高分子粘结层、构建自相似结构及自修复功能化;最后,总结了提升超疏水材料力学耐久性所面临的挑战,并展望了其未来的发展前景。Superhydrophobic materials are widely used in many fields such as antifouling and anticorrosion,underwater drag reduction and oil-water separation due to their unique wettability.However,when most superhydrophobic materials are subjected to external mechanical wear,it is easy to cause the collapse of the surface microstructure or the consumption of low surface energy substances,which affects or loses the superhydrophobic properties.Through the analysis of the surface wetting model,two main ideas for enhancing the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic materials are clarified,and the typical testing methods and characteristics of the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic materials are introduced.Then,based on the analysis and review of the research status and development trends at home and abroad,four strategies to improve the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic materials are summarized,including designing micro-nano multi-level rough structure,introducing polymer bonding layer,constructing self-similar structures and self-healing functionalization.Finally,the challenges to improve the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic materials are summarized,and their future development prospects are prospected.

关 键 词：超疏水性 耐久性 表面润湿模型 测试方法 提升策略 

分 类 号：O647[理学—物理化学]