精神幸福感在社区老年人的自我感知老化与老化期望间的中介作用  

Mediating Role of Spiritual Well-being Between Self-perceptions of Aging and Aging Expectations of Elderly in Community

作　　者：陈可怡 陈玲[1] 何杰[1] 王欣雨 王冬华[1] CHEN Keyi;CHEN Ling;HE Jie;WANG Xinyu;WANG Donghua(College of Nursing,Changsha Medical University,Changsha Hunan 410219,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙医学院护理学院,湖南长沙410219

出　　处：《联勤军事医学》2023年第1期60-66,共7页Military Medicine of Joint Logistics

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(教高司函【2021】13号-s202110823015);2020年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(20A058)。

摘　　要：目的探讨精神幸福感、自我感知老化对社区老年人老化期望的作用。方法2021-08~09月采用便利抽样法,选用一般资料问卷、精神幸福感指数量表(spirituality index of well-being,SIWB)、简版自我感知老化量表(brief ageing perceptions questionnaire,B-APQ)及老化期望量表(12-item expectations regarding aging,ERA-12)对385名社区老年人进行调查。结果社区老年人的老化期望、自我感知老化、精神幸福感的总分分别为(27.28±3.44)分、(48.07±7.20)分、(41.31±8.19)分。精神幸福感与老化期望呈正相关(r=0.494,P<0.01),与自我感知老化总分呈负相关(r=-0.527,P<0.01)。自我感知老化显著负向预测精神幸福感(β=-1.060,P<0.001),自我感知老化显著负向预测老化期望(β=-0.357,P<0.001),当自我感知老化和精神幸福感同时进入回归分析,自我感知老化对老化期望的预测作用变小,表明精神幸福感在自我感知老化与老化期望关系间起部分中介作用。精神幸福感在自我感知老化与老化期望的间接效应占总效应的32.49%。结论社区老年人老化期望处于中等水平,可通过建立积极的自我感知老化态度提升精神幸福感,进而提高老化期望,以促进积极老龄化。Objective To explore the effects of spiritual well-being and self-perceptions of aging on the aging expectations among elderly in the community.Methods A total of 385 elderly people in the community were investigated by the convenience sampling method,which using general information questionnaire,spirituality index of well-being,brief ageing perceptions questionnaire,and 12-item expectations regarding aging from August to September 2021.Results The total scores of aging expectations,self-perceptions of aging and spiritual well-being of elderly in the community were(27.28±3.44),(48.07±7.20)and(41.31±8.19)respectively.There was a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and aging expectations(r=0.494,P<0.01),and a negative correlation between self-perceptions of ageing and aging expectations(r=-0.527,P<0.01).Self-perceptions of aging significantly negatively predicted spiritual well-being(β=-1.060,P<0.001),self-perceptions of aging significantly negatively predicted aging expectations(β=-0.357,P<0.001),when both self-perceptions of aging and spiritual well-being were proceeded by the regression analysis,the predictive effects of self-perceptions of aging on aging expectations became smaller,which indicating that spiritual well-being played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and aging expectations.The indirect effects of spiritual well-being on self-perceptions of aging and aging expectations accounted for 32.49%of the total effects.Conclusion The aging expectations of the elderly in the community is at a moderate level,and the positive attitude of self-perceptions of aging can be established to improve the spiritual well-being and then improve the aging expectations,so as to promote active aging.

关 键 词：老化期望 自我感知老化 精神幸福感 老年人 中介效应 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]