县域涉农生态环境整治的实践困境与优化路径——基于第二轮中央生态环保督察若干典型案例的分析  

Practical Challenges and Solutions for Agriculture-related Eco-environmental Improvement at the County Level:Cases from the Second-round Central Inspection of Ecological and Environmental Protection

作　　者：黄鑫 于法稳[2,3] 胡晓燕 HUANG Xin;YU Fawen;HU Xiaoyan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所 [3]中国社会科学院生态环境经济研究中心

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第3期120-135,共16页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“中国生态环保督察制度实施状况调研”(编号:GQZD2020015);中国社会科学院大学(研究生院)研究生科研创新支持计划项目“从‘区域督企’‘中央督政’到‘党政企同督’:环保督察的制度变迁与完善研究”(编号:2021-KY-84)的支持。

摘　　要：本文从生态环保督察视角,阐述县域涉农生态环境整治的现实背景、基本概念与内涵特征,并基于第二轮中央生态环保督察典型案例,概括分析县域涉农生态环境问题的现状和特征。研究发现:县域涉农生态环境问题突出,主要表现在重点流域面源污染、工矿业污染、生活污染和生态系统服务功能退化等方面,呈现出复杂性、累积性、变动性和区域性等特征。县域涉农生态环境整治在实践中仍面临诸多困境,包括理论思维滞后导致整治实践陷入误区,主体责任缺位造成整治内生动力不足,行为能力有限导致整治效果欠佳,服务供给不足造成整治问题解决滞后等。为此,本文从树立绿色发展理念、夯实主体责任、增强行为能力和提升公共环境服务供给水平等方面,提出县域涉农生态环境整治的优化路径。From the perspective of environmental inspection,this paper explains the realistic background,basic concept and characteristics of county-level eco-environment improvement.Based on typical cases of the second-round central inspection of ecological and environmental protection since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan,this paper analyzes the characteristics of county-level agriculture-related environmental issues.We find that the main environmental issues related to agriculture at the county level include non-point source pollution in key watersheds,industrial and mining pollution,domestic pollution,and degradation of ecological services,which are complex,accumulative,varying and regional.We also find that there are still many practical challenges to address the agriculture-related environmental issues,including the lack of theoretical framework discouraging environmental improvement practice,the absence of responsibility attenuating endogenous incentives of environmental improvement,the limited capacity of behavior reducing the improvement effect,and the insufficient supply of services to solve the environmental problems.Therefore,this paper proposes countermeasures from the aspects of establishing green development concepts,strengthening ecological responsibility,regulating behaviors,and optimizing the supply level of public environmental services.

关 键 词：生态环保督察 县域 生态环境整治 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]